muzoénsis. 
hermogenes. 
galanthus. 
zelinde. 
stiibeli. 
diotrephes. 
chioneus. 
cydno. 
hahneli. 
alithea. 
broncus. 
haenschi. 
temerinda. 
epicydnides. 
subcydnides. 
cydnides. 
weymeri. 
submargina- 
lis. 
gustavi. 
pachinus, 
heurippa. 
wernickei. 
emilius. 
rubellius. 
melpomene. 
384 HELICONIUS. By Dr. A. Serrz. 
submedian spots on the forewing; from Honduras. — ab. muzoénsis Newst., from Muzo in Colombia, is more 
like clara, but has on the forewing a second row of 5 yellow subapical spots. Most of these forms are, whereever 
they occur, rather common. 
H. cydno. In this group to which RirrartH in his classical Work on the Heliconiidae refers about 20 
forms, we find, with a single exception (galanthus), on the hindwing a pale, white, lemon-yellow or light blue 
band which, however, may greatly vary in its position upon the otherwise black wing. Forewings black, often 
with a lovely blue lustre, nearly always with lemon-yellow or white bands or spots. — hermogenes Hew. (74 d) 
from the Cauca Valley has the apical area of the black forewings spotted with white, as in the white-spotted 
variety of zuleika; hindwing with a pale yellow submarginal band, about 3—4 mm from the terminal border. 
This gives it a close resemblance to Tithorea humboldti (32 a) or, if the spots are clear white, to its aberration 
albomaculata Hsch. but only on the upper surface (there being also another Heliconius mimicking the under 
surface of that Danaid species). — galanthus Bat. (74d) from Central America (and Peru 2) is above a lovely 
black-blue; forewing with a broadly white, wedge-shaped band, hindwing with a terminal row of white spots. 
Above it is a true representation of Hel. leuce (77 e), which, however, lacks on the hindwing the terminal 
spots; but underneath it looks entirely different, with brown curved stripes crossing the cell and accompanying 
the termen. In Honduras both species which, although not closely allied, cannot be distinguished when flying, 
are generally met with on the same bush or even on the same blossoms. — Zelinde Bélr. (74 d) is another form 
from Western Colombia, having on the under surface of the hindwing the white marginal spots very distinct, 
but above only faintly shining through from underneath. — stiibeli Riff. has on the forewing the band more 
regular, not projecting into the cell, but in addition two rows of white terminal spots Costa Rica. — 
diotrephes Hew. Forewings with white marginal spots above, hindwings with a yellow costal streak underneath; 
otherwise like galanthus. From Nicaragua and Guatemala. — chioneus Bat. (74 .c) has the white band of the 
forewing narrower, more uniform than in galanthus: on the hindwing the marginal spots are united into a sub- 
marginal band, likewise white. West Colombia and Panama. — In typical cydno Did. and Hew. (74 d) the band 
of the forewing is yellow; widely distributed and very common in Colombia, every lot of ““Bogota’’-buttertlies 
containing it. — hahneli Stgr. (74 c) from Merida (Venezuela), discovered by Dr. HAHNEL, has on the forewing 
the yellow band narrower, with a few spots directly before the apex. — alithea Hew. from Ecuador is almost 
like hahneli, but on the hindwings the submarginal spots form a broad terminal band, without any black 
between them and the termen. — broncus Stich. has in the place of the regular band of the hindwing some 
triangular terminal spots. — haenschi R7ff7. from Balzabamba (Ecuador), a discovery of Dr. Haznscu’s, is 
an. alithea with white instead of yellow band of the forewing. — temerinda Hew. (= tamarinda Ky., termerinda 
Riff.) from Colombia has the band cf the hindwing lemon-yellow, but rather distant from the termen; the band 
of the forewing resembles that of hahneli, but is somewhat curved, either white or lemon-yellow (= flavifascia, 
nom. nud.); apex often with a few dots. — epicydnides Stgr. (74 e) from Rio Dagua and the Cauca Valley has on the 
forewing the band divided into two lemon-yellow oblique stripes; the band of the hindwing occasionally 
margined with black spots. — in subcydnides Stgr. from the same locality the white band is on the hindwing 
even farther distant from the termen; in cydnides Sigr., likewise from Colombia, it is placed at about 1 mm. 
from the termen, being about as broad as in cydno.— weymeri Sigr. (74e) from the southern Cauca Valley 
and the Rio Dagua, resembles in the forewing epicydnides, but the hindwings lack the marginal border, having 
on either side a straight, broad, somewhat pointed median band traversing the cell directly behind the base. 
— Occasionally the forewings have in the place of the bands a larger, white median spot, and both wings 
underneath a row of round white submarginal spots: ab. submarginalis Fass! i. 1. (74e); on the other hand the 
forewings may also be on either side quite black as in weymeri: = ab. gustavi Stgr. (74 f). 
H. pachinus Salv. (74f). This most characteristically marked species stands quite by itself. Upper 
surface black, forewing with two oblique bands, hindwing with one submarginal fascia. From the Volcano 
Chiriqui. 
H. heurippa. This small group forms a transition from the cydno- to the melpomene-group, the yellow 
oblique band of the forewing showing some red. In heurippa Hew. (75 a) from Colombia this band is broad, 
half yellow and half red. —wernickei Sigr. (75 a) resembles the preceding in the bi-coloured band, which is 
only somewhat more regular; hindwing with a broad, clear white submarginal band. — emilius Weym. 
(74b as fassli) *) has the bi-coloured band of the forewing narrower and that of the hindwing suffused with 
grey-blue. — In rubellius Sm. and Ky. (74 f) finally, the yellow portion of the quite narrow band has almost 
completely disappeared, and the hindwings are entirely black; all are found in Colombia. 
H. melpomene L. (75a). The typical melpomene is found in Guayana, Northern Brazil, Ecuador, 
Peru and probably also in the adjacent parts of Bolivia. When fresh, it is brillant black with a 
scarlet oblique band. But these colours fade very easily into black-brown and minium-red. In this state 
*) This specimen had been sent to me as fassli Weym. i. 1. Since, however, after the plate was printed, but before 
its publication, another Heliconius was described as fassli, this one received the name of emilius Weym. j 
a 
