rubra. 
gratiosa. 
bari. 
mirabilis. 
unimacu- 
lata. 
rufescens. 
riffarthi. 
vicina. 
rufolimbata. 
amor. 
eulalia. 
fascinatriz. 
penelope. 
margarita. 
x penela- 
manda. 
penelopeia. 
virgata. 
contigua. 
richardi. 
X peregrina. 
pluto. 
w erebia. 
amandus. 
aphrodyte. 
rosind. 
386 HELICONIUS. By DrJj:A. Sxrrz. 
rubra Stich. from Cuzco has the basal red deeper than in typical aglaope. — gratiosa Niep. is marked like rubra, 
but has the apical spot white, edged with red distally. — bari Oberth. (75e) from Guayana has the lemon-yeillow 
discal spots rather spread about, and in addition a chain of apical spots. — In mirabilis Riff. from Peru the sub- 
apical band is very short, sulphur-yellow; but otherwise the colouring of the upper surface is entirely black, 
without any basal red. According to O. Micuagt it is found always together with other forms of aglaope, in 
some localities more abundantly, otherwise always singly; it represents only a more or less perfectly developed 
melanism. — unimaculata Hew. (75 f) has the subapical band feebly edged with red distally, but both wings 
without the basal red. — ab. rufescens Stich. and riffarthi Stich. both resemble hippolyta, but have the fore- 
wings more profusely marked with red, the hindwings less so; r7ffarthi has, moreover, also the discal red well 
reduced. — vicina Mén. (75 e) resembles aglaope, but has in the place of the lemon-yellow semi-band a series 
of spots, the lower of which at the end of the celi is lemon-yellow, the semi-band projecting downwards; 
from the Upper Amazon. — ab. rufolimbata Bt/r. (75 c) has the yellow band margined with red distally, and the 
cell-spot generaily larger. — In the same way as this is related to aglaope, the form amor Sigr. (75 f) is related 
to unimaculata Hew., that is to say the yellow, outwardly red-margined semi-band is broken up into a number 
of spots; otherwise the entire upper surface is black-brown; both have a somewhat different shape, for which 
reason I assume that they do not belong here; from the Massauary. — eulalia Riff. (75 f) from Guayana has 
the forewing as in vicina, but less brillant red, and the lemon-yellow spots more compact; on the hindwing 
the red transverse basal stripe is reduced and the red rays are altogether wanting above. In his original descrip- 
tion RIFEARTH states that the lemon yellow spots on the forewing are edged with red. But one year afterwards 
he corrected this statement, expressly observing that the spots are not margined with red. Thus we figure 
in accordance with the author as eulalia a specimen without any red margin. — However there do exist 
such specimens, the figure of which, like most of our figures of melpomene, is taken from OBERTHUR’s excellent 
illustrations of this most variable species. But since RirrarTH expressly dissociates this form from the name 
eulalia, I give it a new name: ab. fascinatrix nom. nov. (751). — penelope Sigr. (76 a) from Bolivia closely 
approaches vicina, but has the red of the upper surface strongly tinged with brown, and the lemon-yellow 
spot on the forewing often shaded with black along its periphery. — In ab. margarita Rzff. (76a) which, to- 
gether with typical penelope, flies on the Rio Juntas, the transverse band under the costa of the hindwing is 
bright yellow, densely dusted with red, particularly on the veins. — penelamanda Stgr. has this band of the 
hindwing almost clear lemon-yellow, but on the forewing the otherwise yellow discal spot bright minium- 
red; Bolivia. — penelopeia Sigr. (76 a) likewise from Bolivia, is intermediate between penelope and penela- 
manda, having the discal spot either red with yellow center, or, as RrrFEARTH expressly observes, entirely red. 
— Also in Ecuador we find a number of allied forms of melpomene resembling aglaope. The most charac- 
teristic is timareta Hew. which has the upper surface completely black-brown, with only the spots in the discal 
area of the forewing lemon-yellow, thus being related to penelope in the same way as unimaculatais to aglaope; 
it closely resembles our figure of pluto (76 a), lacking only on the forewing the red spot above the anal angle, 
and on the hindwing the yellow band which also in timareta is nearly obsolete. — ab. virgata Stich., occur- 
ring together with the following aberrations in Ecuador, in the same localities as typical timareta, has the ter- 
minal area of the hindwing intersected by nail-shaped red rays. — In ab. contigua Weym. these stripes are 
at the base confluescent, and in ab. richardi Riff. (76 b) preceded by a red transverse band; ab. peregrina 
Stich. has on the forewing instead of the yellow spots of timareta a yellow semi-band. — pluto Sigr. (76 a) 
from Bolivia is likewise a copy of témareta, but has a fine red spot on the lower median nervule of the upper 
surface of the forewing, 2bout 2—3 mm. from the termen, and on the hindwing a transverse band half concea- 
led under 2 scaling of fuscous. — erebia Riff. is undoubtedly also an aberrative form from Ecuador, diffe- 
ring from ¢iémareta in having the lemon-yellow spots on the forewing outwardly edged with red, as in wnimacu- 
lata (75 f) and amor (75 f). — amandus Sm. and Ky. represents a distinct transition to the amaryllis-group, 
in that the yellow median stripe extends to the discal spot which is almost completely red, only occasionally 
faintly dusted with yellow inwardly; Bolivia, Peru. — The last form is aphredyte Stgr. (76 b), likewise from 
Bolivia; ground-colour uniformly dark, only interrupted on the forewing by a frayed red transverse band si- 
milar to that of melpomene atrosecta, preceded by a yellow, more or less red-tinged discal spot. — Nearly 
all the forms of melpomene, those at least representing local races and not isolated aberrations, are in certain 
localities extremely common. Although we have here recorded all the names given by RrrrarTH, NIEPELT, © 
STIcHEL and others to quite unimportant aberrations, we are far from attaching importance to all of these. 
Applying the same principles, one might, following OBERTHUR’s work on melpomene, vesta and telxiope alone, 
invent dozens of new names, all of which would have more or at least as much value as many of the above 
mentioned forms. It is easy to see that such liberality in giving names does not add to clearness, but rather 
obstructs it, considering that dozens of such forms are found at the same time and in the same locality. Any 
work which reduces this jumble of names to a reasonable measure, would be of much more value than the 
introduction or description of further “formas novae”’. 

Of H. amaryllis we know several forms ranging from Guatemala and Venezuela to Peru: rosina Bsd. 
