% beschket. 
atthis. 
Crispus. 
hecuba. 
choarina. 
x tolima. 
cassandra. 
hecalesia. 
formosus. 
gynaesia. 
octavia. 
longarena. 
godmani. 
metharme. 
aoede. 
388 : HELICONIUS. By Dr. A. Sxrrz. 
at the lower median nervule as in phyllis, but extends somewhat beyond it. Underneath the hindwing lacks the 
yellowish-white apical spots, some of which are always found in phyllis. The figured specimens has been set espe- 
cially high on purpose in order to show the silky grey-white costal area of the hindwings. Central and Southern 
Brazil. 
H. beschkei MWén. (76 ¢) closely resembles the preceding above, but may be at once recognized by the red line 
bordering the termen of the hindwings. Southern and Central Brazil, from Sa. Catharina (f. i. Blumenau) to 
Kspiritu Santo. 
H. atthis Dbl. and Hew. (76 e) from Ecuador mimics Tithorea pavonii (32 b) with which it is found in 
the same localities, to such a degree that only the transverse streak of the hindwing remains to point out its 
relationship with the hitherto mentioned species; the forewings are spotted with white. 
H. erispus Sigr. resembles the preceding; but since it is found in the Cauca Valley of Colombia, it 
does not mimic the Ecuador species Tithorea pavonii, but the Cauca form descandollesi of Tith. bomplandi. 
It is larger than atthis, end the hindwings have besides the oblique band two rows of yellow dots. Described 
from Antioquia. ; 
H. heeuba Hew. (76d) likewise mimics a Tithorea of the humboldti-group; this form has the band of 
the hindwing pretty regular. — In choarina Hew. from Ecuador, captured by Hamnscu in January at an alti- 
tude of about 4800it., the band is rather dull yellow, placed nearer the termen and tapering strongly towards the 
oval margin. — The lovely tolima Fass/, a wonderfully exact copy of Tith. bomplandi (32b) both above and on 
the most complicated under surface, was discovered by Fassi on Monte Tolima in Colombia. The forewings 
lack the pale median band, and on the hindwing the band is rather curved and narrower at either end. — 
cassandra Pidr. (76 e) differs above but slightly from tolima in that on the hindwing the apical and anal spots of 
the yellow band do not grow suddenly smaller than those in the middle. 
H. hecalesia Hew. (76 e). This Columbian form which is not at all scarce in the Cauca Valley, copies 
a Tithorea with brown marked upper surface of the hindwings, flying with it in the same localities and at tho 
same time. Thus it resembles in colouring a whole group of Danaids, of which we only mention Ceratinia peridia 
(35 d) and Callithomia tridactyla (36b). Asit is a most exact copy of Tithorea hecalesina (32 c), further descrip- 
tion is unnecessary. — In Central America its place is taken by the form formosus Bat. (76 f) which, particu- 
larly in Costa Rica, flies together with the similar 77th. pinthias (32 b). From its Columbien ally it differs in the 
same way as the Central-American Tith. pinthias from the Columbian Tith. hecalesina, having nearly the entire 
hindwing, with the exception of the black termen, brillant red-brown. — gynaesia Hew. (habitat not known) has 
forewings like hecalesia, but on the hindwings the red-brown colouring is confined to a broad median band 
encroaching upon the end of the cell and preceded by a row of yellow submarginal spots. — These forms 
are less common than most other species of Heliconius, or are less often captured since they do not descend 
to the ground. 
H. octavia Bat. resembles gynaesia; on the forewing the spots are united into short oblique bands; 
above and below the median vein brown stripes. Central America. 
H. longarena Hew. Like the preceding, but larger, the wings more elongate, the median vein and 
entire hindwing crossed by very brillant red brown bands, the yellow submarginal spots divided longitudinally 
by the black veins. Colombia. 
H. godmani Sigr. from Colombia differs from gynaesia in having also in the cell on the forewing a yellow 
spot, whereas in gynaesia all the spots are distributed over the apical area without entering the cell. 
H. metharme Hrichs. (= thetis Bsd., methame Ky., erato Salv. and Godm.) (76 f). Above black with a 
bone-white semi-band across the cell and before the apex. Both above and beneath some characteristic white 
longitudinal dashes before the termen of the hindwing. Occurs throughout northern South America, but rather 
singly. 
H. aoede Hbn. (76 ft) resembles, like the members of the following group, at first sight the forms of the 
aglaope and thelxiope-groups, but the spots and streaks are quite different. In the aglaope-group which is figured 
on Pl. 75,c, d and e, we find on the hindwing, obliquely traversing the cell, a red band from the margin 
of which nail-shaped rays radiate toward the termen; here, however, the system of rays as a rule follows the 
veins; the cell is filled with red, the red streaks starting from its periphery. The typical aoede (76 f) has an 
aggregate of lemon-yellow, deeply frayed discal spots, the base of the forewing and the ray-like streaks 
