HELICONIUS. By Dr. A. Serrz. 389 
of the hindwing minium-red; from Amazonas and Guayana. — astydamia Hrichs. (= emmelina, Oberth.) from the 
same locality, is brighter red, but on the hindwings the rays are only well developed in the basal half. — 
lucretius Weym., from Guayana, Venezuela and Amazonas as far as Bolivia, has on the forewing the yellow 
discal spots not frayed as in aoede, but united into a large compact spot. — In bartletti Druce (= vedius 
Sigr.) (76f) the sulphur-yellow markings of the forewing are reduced to a short band, preceded by a small 
bi-or triangular cell-spot. The red rays on the hindwing very fine. Amazonas and Ecuador. — cupidiaeus 
Stich. from Peru has the yellow subapical band of the forewing narrower and more oblique, the upper surface 
more intensely red. — faleria Fruhst. from Matto Grosso resembles bartletti, but the stripes of the hindwings 
are more delicate. aoede and its allies are distinguished by their-violet-like odour. 
H. xanthocles Bat. (77 b). The name-type from Guayana, differs from the following vola (77 b) in having 
the base of the forewing not rufous, but brillant vermillion-red. — vola Stgr. (77), likewise from Guayana, 
has on the forewing the base rufous, and before the apex a short sulphur-yellow. subapical band. — paraple- 
sius Bat. resembles vola also in the colouring of the base of the forewing, but has the lemon-yellow transverse 
band broader and the adjacent spots smaller; on the hindwing the cell is filled with flame-red and the red rays 
are very broad. — melete Fldr. (77 b) from Colombia, Bolivia and Peru has the lemon-yellow spots on the 
forewing united into a large discal spot which is only interrupted by the black veins and the crescent- 
shaped discocellular; on the forewing the red rays are well developed, but suffused with brownish. — In 
melittus Stgr. which stands midway between melete and melior, the yellow spot forming the end of the cell is 
very much reduced, in consequence of which the discal patch appears smaller; the red colouring is lighter than in 
melete. From Peru. — cethosia form. nov. (77 2) is the name given to a new form from Colombia sent to me 
by H. Fasst; the yellow is confined to a small band behind the cell, which is entirely black; the basal red greatly 
reduced, although very brillant; underneath the red rays have completely disappeared, the colouring being 
uniformly black-brown, with a narrow whitish discal fascia. — melior (77 a) Stgr. from Ecuador and Peru is very 
bright fulvous, the lemon-yellow bend at the beginning broad, growing rapidly narrower; on the hindwing 
a red band before the broader ends of the rays gives it some resemblance to the forms of the penelope- 
group. 
H. burneyi deviates in its appearance not inconsiderably from the other Heliconius, being closely allied 
to the following egeria-group. Its size is much larger than that of the average Heliconius, often reaching 10 cm. 
in expanse. It is about the only Heliconius which in some localities is really scarce, so that outside of the ty- 
picel burneyi none are regularly met with in commerce. It seems that their whole life is passed in the crowns 
of the trees, for only incidentally and very seldom one sees one of them descend to some more easily accessible 
height. — hiibneri Stgr. (77 2), is distributed from Guayana throughout Amazonas to Peru and Bolivia. On 
the wing it resembles a large-sized aglaope: Both wings with red-brown basal rays, the forewings with a yellow 
transverse blotch composed of 3 spots, and with small subapical spots. On the hindwing the red rays end in 
very sharp points in the distal half, in contradistinction to lindigii Fldr. (77 a), where they do not enter the 
outer half, but at the most reach the height of the end of the cell; Colombia; especially near Muzo. — 
catharinae Stgr. has on the hindwing the red-brown colouring even farther reduced; the 3 spots making up the 
discal patch are widely separated by heavy black bars of the ground-colour. From Guayana and the Amazon. 
— The name-type burneyi Hbn. found southward as far as Peru, closely resembles hiibneri, but has on the 
forewing the 3 lemon-yellow spots farther apart; the subapical spots, which in hiibneri are very small or entirely 
obsolete, are larger, frequently united, and the comma-shaped terminal striae on the under surface of the hind- 
wings, which in hiibneri are always distinct, are much fainter. In the North burneyi and hiibneri are always 
found together in the same localities, and since there occur all kinds of intermediate forms, hiibneri might 
be taken for an aberration of burneyi, if it should be found to occur also outside of Peru. 
H. egeria Cr. (= isaca Hbn., ergatis Godt.) bears the same relation to the forms of burneyt with which 
it might well be united into a special group, as thelxiope (75d) to aglaope (75d): The lemon-yellow discal 
spot of the forewings breaks up into numerous isolated smaller spots. In typical specimens these are very 
small, and the entire inner half of both wings is suffused with purplish-red. From Guayana and Amazonas. — 
egerides Sigr., likewise from Surinam and Amazonas (Manaos), has on the forewing only a purplish-brown 
subcostal band. — In hyas Weym. from Amazonas the basal area of the hindwings is rather yellow than brown- 
red, emitting thin, far spreading rays almost to the termen; astraea Stgr. has the yellow spots of the forewing 
again united, as in burneyi, thus recalling aglaope; but the forewings are more pointed and lack the subapical 
spots. 
H. doris is one of the most variable species of the genus, which for a Heliconius is saying a great 
deal. Above all it is remarkable on account of the hindwings varying from red to blue or green and, as if 
the aberrative combinations thereby possible did not suffice, all the forms may be more or less, or even 
astydamia. 
lucretius. 
bariletti. 
cupidiagus. ¥ 
faleria. 
xanthocles. 
vola. 
paraplesius. 
melete. 
melittus. 
cethosia. > 
melior. 
hiibneri. 
lindigii. 
catharinae. 
burneyi. 
egeria. 
egerides. 
hyas. 
astraea. 
