HELICONIUS. By Dr. A. Serty. . 391 
minal striae. The width of the yellow discal band is rather variable, all transitions occurring connecting it 
with flavescens. Guayana, Amazonas and Colombia. — mimulinus Bétlr. from Colombia refers to specimens 
which above resemble wallacez, but show less intense blue iridescence and have the yellow cell-spot within the 
band nearly square. — elsa Rzff. resembles wallacei, but has the bands white instead of yellow. Surinam. 
—ab. parvimaculata A7//. refers to specimens of flavescens having the discal band divided into spots by the black 
veins. — In colon Weym. the discal band is only indicated by two small white spots. — All the forms of clytia 
belong, whereever they occur at all, to the commonest butterflies; they are met with on broad forest-roads, 
nearly always in company with similarly coloured forms of other groups, as Heliconius antiochus, sara or leuca- 
dia, trom which they cannot be Cistinguished on the wing; but besides the genus Heliconius no other mimics 
or their models are found. 
H. sappho has, like the preceding, the upper surface suffused with a deep blue lustre; forewings with 
one broad, or two narrower, white, somewhat translucent, transverse bands. leuce Dbl. (= sappho Hbn.) (77 e). 
On the forewing the band broadly white, interrupted on the discocellular vein by a black tooth-like bar and 
by a similar projection from the termen between the median nervules. The hindwings have only the apex and fringe 
faintly white. Central America, especially Honduras; generally found together with H. galanthus (74 d) which it 
greatly resembles above. On the wing the species cannot be told from one another; but galanthus has on the 
under surface of the hindwings a number of discal arches, Jewce some large red basal spots only separated by the 
veins. The nearest allied form eleusinus Stgr. (77 e) from West-Colombia is above black, not steel-blue; the 
black spot at the end of the cell is nearly met by a black tooth from the termen at the middle, almost dividing 
the white patch into two. — In primularis Bélr. (77 e) from Ecuador this division is complete, the two compo- 
nent spots being widely separated; hindwing with broadly white-yellow terminal border almost reaching the 
middle of the wing. — In eleuchia Hew. (77 e) from Colombia the terminal border of the hindwing is clear white; 
on the forewing the discal portion of the transverse spot, which is likewise cut into two, is narrower. Ecuador, 
common in the plaines, taken by HamnscH as high up as 2500 ft. — sapho Drury, the name-type, has on the 
forewing only one band, which is broadly white, at the costa divided by the black discocellular spot, slightly 
curved inwards toward the anal angle, leaving the termen black. From Colombia and Ecuador; not scarce. 
LH. hewitsoni Sigr. from Chiriqui (Costa Rica) is a copy of H. pachinus (74f) which flies in the same 
locality. Forewing with 2 oblique yellow bands, hindwing with only one curved band placed at about 5 mm. 
from the termen. Differs from pachinus in that the discal band crosses the cell at the end, whereas in pachinus 
it passes beyond it. 
H. congener Weym. (= paranapurae Stgr.) exactly copies wallacet, sara, apseudes etc. ; like these, the wpper 
surface is black, the inner half of both wings suffused with a bright lustre of steel-blue. May be distinguished 
from all these by the sulphur-yellow discal band, which on either side is quite irregularly bounled by fine 
teeth and lunules of the black ground-colour. Ecuador and Peru, ascending to above 3000 ft. 
: H. antiochus L. (= araneides Stgr.) (77 f£) ranges nearly over the entire North of the South-American 
continent; the type is found in Guayana and Amazonas as far as Peru. Above black with blue iridescence, 
with two white transverse bands and a yellow streak on the median vein. Hindwings with a red wedge- 
shaped subcostal streak underneath. — ab. alba Riff. (771) very closely resembles the name-type, but on the 
forewing the bands are less pointed at the ends, and the yellow median streak is absent. — aranea fF. has on 
the forewing the bands paler yellow; — zobeida Btlr. (= divisus Stgr.) has the white discal band interrupted 
on the median vein. — ocannensis Stich. (= ocannus Stich.). Like zobeida, but the bands yellow instead of 
white; North Colombia. — A rather different appearance has salvinii Dew. from the Orimoco. Forewing 
as in antiochus, but the hindwing with a yellow band similar to that of phyllis, chestertont and many other 
Heliconids. 
H. leucadia resembles the preceding, but with very brillant lustre of blue above; the “subapical band 
much shorter, the oblique discal spot not extending beyond the lower median nervule, frequently composed 
of only two spots, one large, placed above the median, the other below it incell 2. — pseudorhea Stgr. (77 f), 
from Amazonas, Ecuador and Bolivia, has the hindwings quite dark.— leucadia Bat. comes from Ecuador and 
the Upper Amazon. Hindwing with rather large white terminal spots. 
H. sara F. (= magdalena Bat., rhea Btlr. and Druce) (771). Very much like the preceding species, but 
the discai band of the forewings narrower, more pointed at either end. Hindwings with numerous red basal dots 
underneath. From Panama, Colombia and Venezuela. — ab. albimaculata Sigr. from Colombia has on the 
forewing the bands white, not pale yellow as in typical sara. — apseudes Hbn. (= sara Luc.) (77 f), which is the 
commonest species coming to Europe from Southern Brazil, where it may be seen even in the gardens of Rio 
de Janeiro, has the discal band sulphur-yellow, and nearly twice as wide as in sara. — In albula Riff. from 
La Guayra this band is of the same width as in apseudes, but white. — brevimaculata Stgr. has the subapical 
and shorter and the discal band divided into two. From the Rio Dagua (Colombia). — sprucei Bat. (78 a) 
mimulinus. 
elsa. 
parvima- 
culata. 
colon. 
leuce. 
eleusinus. 
primularis. 
eleuchia. 
sapho. 
hewitsont. 
congener 
antiochus. 
alba. 
aranea. 
zobeida. 
OCannentsis. 
salvinit. 
pseudorhea. 
leucadia. 
sara. 
albimacu- 
lata. 
apseudes. 
albula. 
brevimacu- 
lata. 
sprucel. 
