EUEIDES. By Dr. A. Serrz. - 395 
figure given in STAUDINGER’s “Exot. Tagfalter”, showing the bands of the forewing brown and that of the hind- 
wing sky-blue, is hardly recognizable. It flies together with Colaenis telesiphe (84 d) from which it cannot be 
distinguished at all in the air; only the bluntly. projecting forewing, the dentate outer margin of the hind- 
wing and the totally different under surface betray Colaenis. But above they agree so exactly in colouring that 
one cannot doubt the mimetic connection between the two. A further proof of this seems to be the fact that 
in Ecuador we find a form of Colaenis having the band on the hindwing yellow instead of white, viz. Col. tithrau- 
stes (84d); now we meet in the same localities also a Heliconius telesiphe which is yellow-banded, and indeed 
this band is exactly 1—2 mm wider than in typical Hel. telesiphe, even as in Col. tithraustes it is somewhat broader 
than in Col. telesiphe. To try to explain such astonishing coincidences by “‘chance” or by “‘physical laws’, 
seems indeed two much to ask of the reader. — The name of the yellow-banded Ecuador form of Hel. 
telesiphe is sotericus Salv. (79c); it is found in Peru wherever Col. tithraustes flies. Hamnscu captured it in Oc- 
tober near Sa. Inez in Ecuador at an altitude of 3800 ft., Stripe in January at Riobamba and Huemboya. 
H. hortense Guér. (= hortensia Dbl.) (79 c). On the forewing the band irregular, pale yellow, on the 
hindwing curved, broadly ochreous-brown. Under surface most peculiar, with a faintly violet-pinkish median 
band, the veins and intranerval rays very dark. From Honduras to Colombia and Ecuador. Associates with 
a number of species partly belonging to Heliconius, partly to Hueides, but all with similar upper surface, such as 
Hel. clysonimus, Eu. ricini ete. 
H. clysonimus Latr. (79 b) resembles above in colouring hortense, with which it associates; but ali the 
bands are narrower, those of the hindwing more brillantly red. From Venezuela to Ecuador, where Hamnscu 
found it as high up as 3800 ft. above the sea. — A dwarf form, hardly half as large as the Colombian 
clysonimus, is ab. micra form. nov. (792, b); on the forewing the oblique band approaches nearer to the 
termen, on the hindwing dull cinnamon-brown. From the Llanos of Venezuela. — An intermediate form from 
the mountains of Costa Rica and Panama is montana Salv. which has on the hindwing the brown band conside- 
rably broader than the black terminal area. — hygiana Hew. (79 a) from Ecuador has on the forewing before 
the apex a second small yellow spot, and the median vein dusted with yellow. 
2. Genus: EKueides Abn. 
Closely;allied to Heliconius, but at once distinguished by the shorter and more distinctly clubbed an- 
tennae. The majority of species do not reach the average size of the Heliconius. Head relatively broader; 
palpi larger and more porrect; abdomen of Q stouter, but not so long as in many Heliconius, never projec- 
ting far beyond the anal angle, frequently not even reaching it. In their whole appearance they rather approach 
the Argynninae, especially Hresia or Melitaea, than Heliconius; for which reason FELDER separated them from 
the latter altogether, uniting them with the Nymphalidae. 
About 60 forms are known which have an even more limited range than those of Heliconius. In the 
North they do not pass beyond the Neotropic limits, in the South only to Southern Brazil and Paraguay. Whe- 
reever they occur, they are very common; their flight is elegant, swimming, but not rapid; they have a very 
tough life, and love to visit flowers. Flying throughout the entire year they seem but little influenced by the 
seasons. Their greatest enemies are the spiders, in the webs of which large numbers of Hueides daily lose their 
lives. In Bahia I often found in the webs of large spiders dozens of them dead which had been either too 
weak or too awkward to liberate themselves. 
In the woods they are but rarely met with, never in the dense forest; they prefer the open country, 
sun-lit openings, hilly slopes, the borders of broad roads and flower-covered meadows, where they associate 
not only with their own kind, but with a host of butterflies belonging to quite different families or genera, 
all coloured and marked alike. No other larger genus of Lepidoptera, not even the Heliconius, mimic other models 
to such a degree as the Hueides, and their models are found among the Pierids, Danaids, Acraeids, Nymphalids, 
Erycinids, Castniids, Pericopids etc. Indeed one may say that no Hueides, without any exception, has a cha- 
racter of its own, but that for every Hueides we find in one or the other genus at least one, often even 2 whole 
series of analogous forms. Thus one may separate the Eueides into those that copy the Heliconius of the 
groups of narcaea, of melpomene, of thelxiope, of clysonimus, those that mimic the Danaid genus Lycorea, 
or the genus Actinote, or Colaenis julia, end finally those which in the 3 copy one species, in the 2 another. 
The eggs resemble in shape a wine-bottle; they are deposited singly or in clumps on the underside of the 
leaves of Passiflora, which form the food of the larva. One species (Zu. cleobaea) is said to live in the larval 
sotericus. 
hortense. 
clysonimus. 
micra. 
montana. 
hygiana, 
