julia. 
titio. 
) delila. 
moderata. 
~-j cillene. 
nudeola. 
_ phaetusa. 
stupenda. 
deleta. 
' lutulenta. 
euchroia. 
~ mellosa. 
_..telesiphe. 
lithraustes. 
400 COLAENIS. By Dr. A. Serrz. 
grey-brown, the markings dark when young, paler when full grown. Some specimens ringed with dark brown 
like many Cethosias. Lives on Passiflora. The pupa resembles in general those of Heliconius, but lacks the 
wing-shaped appendages at the head, and the spines are replaced by blunt projections. Its colour is grey, 
marked with darker, the humps partly black, partly white; segment 1, 3 and 4 with silvery spots. The imago 
is always met with singly, although it does not anywhere appear to be scarce. It visits flowers, and I have 
seen it on Monte Corcovado near Rio associate with the quite similarly coloured Victorina steneles. 
4. Genus: Colaenis Hon. 
The three species comprising this genus are all characterized by the fiery orange-red colouring of the up- 
per surface which is bordered and banded with black. Structurally they differ in the course of the subcostal 
nervules so much that it is impossible to apply a general scheme. They are for the most part extremely common 
and may be considered as characteristic of the Neotropical Fauna, because they are as a rule the first 
large, brightly coloured butterflies greeting the new-comer on his arrival in South America. They rather remind 
us of the Argynninae which are connected with this group by the next following genus Dione. Their separation 
from Dione is an artificial one, one species displaying on the under surface of the hindwings some traces of 
silver. The larva closely resembles that of Metamorpha, feeding, like these, on Passiflorae. Pupa very much 
like those of our Argynnis, with a deep depression at the back, the head ending in a blunt conical point, the 
abdominal segments with dorsal projections. — The imago hasas arule a very rapid flight, holding the wings 
wide open when sipping on flowers. They fly the whole year round and often assemble at certain places 
in enormous numbers. 
C. julia F. (= alcionea Cr., luteus Goeze) (84). From Texas in North America throughout Central 
and South America to Peru and Paraguay; also in the West Indies. 3 above brillant fiery red, typical speci- 
mens slightly obscured at the base. From the costa at the middle a black oblique band to the black termen; 
2 with an additional black streak from the base of the forewing through the submedian area to the anal angle. 
Under surface buff, with whitish spots at the anal angle, edged with fuscous. — The Bolivian form titio Stich. 
has according to its author in the g the ground-colour suffused with fiery red, a peculiarity occasionally 
shared by Brazilian specimens. — delila F. lacks on the forewings the black subapical streak, and the ground- 
colour is frequently more buff. From Central America, the north-coast of Colombia and Venezuela, and the 
West Indies outside of Cuba. — ab. moderata Stich. Dull ochreous, the black markings reduced; found 
together with the typical form. — cillene Cr. (84 b) is the form from Cuba; paler red, the forewing without 
the black marginal border, the transverse band only indicated at the costa. — nudeola Stich. is related to 
cillene in the same way as moderatais with the type; ground-colour dull buff. — Larva pale grey or grey-brown, 
the incisions darker, the fore part of the head marked with darker, the spines blackish; on Passiflora vesper- 
tilionis, P. ichtyura etc. Pupa coloured like the caterpillar, pale grey or pale yellowish-brown, with whitish 
projections and darker markings. Very common throughout eastern Brazil; in many localities one may see 
flowering shrubs just covered with these butterflies so that at a distance they appear as if adorned with fire- 
lines. Their flight is very rapid; when resting they hold the wings widely expanded. 
C. phaetusa LZ. (= phaerusa L.) (84¢). g fiery red, 2 greyish red, the black markings as in dido. Oc- 
curring from Central America to Argentina and Peru, but only locally, and in many places scarce. — stupenda 
Stich. (84 ¢) refers according to its author to particularly brillant red specimens (probably only 3 ?) said to 
be found in Panama. — In deleta Stich. the bands are said to be quite faded. — lutulenta Sizch. refers to 9° 
with dull yellow ground-colour; their home is “Paraguay and Dutch Guayana”’. This species has not develo- 
ped any good subspecies. In contradistinction to the preceding which frequent roads and dry slopes, it inhabits 
the moist plains which it never seems to leave. Its flight is quite different from that of julia, much slower, 
the motion of the wings more irregular. Nothing is known of the earlier stages. 
C. euchroia Dbl.-Hew. (84.c). Upper surface, particularly in 3, marked and coloured like the preceding, 
but underneath the colour resembles that of a dried-up, shriveled leaf, with a slight trace of silver. Widely 
distributed, and very common, from Venezuela and Colombia to Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. — Specimens 
with dull buff ground-colour, especially common at higher altitudes in Colombia and Ecuador, are ab. mellosa 
Stich. (S4d). — telesiphe Hew. (84d), from Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, has on the hindwing a yellow longi- 
tudinal band, on the forewing two bands of miniumred. Occurs together with the similarly coloured Heliconius 
telesiphe (79c). — tithraustes Salv. (84d), closely resembling the preceding, found together with Helic. sotericus 
(79¢), it has the band on the hindwing bluish instead of yellow. Underneath all the forms resemble one another, 
but vary much individually and according to the locality. They are not very scarce, but are confined to certain 
localities, where the corresponding Heliconius also abound; at least I have never received any from elsewhere. 
