hortensia. 
bogotana. 
poaria. 
hegesia. 
404 ARGYNNIS. By Dr. Ta. Lenwann. 
name claudia should by rights only be employed for the North American form, although the upperside does 
not show any great constant difference between this and the South American form. On the whole the latter 
appears clearer yellow than northern specimens, but this is anything but constant, on the contrary, the specie; 
varies even in one and the same locality to such an extent that I have taken near Montevideo specimens 
with completely obscured upper surface. But there is a slight difference on the under surface, where in the 
North American form the dark basal area widens at the costa, whereas in the southern form it becomes narrow- 
er. We figure of the North American form the 9, of the South American form the 3, keeping for the latter 
the name hortensia Blanch. (852 as claudia 3). Although according to Kirey hortensia refers to a torm of 
hegesia, it is still doubtful whether hegesia and claudia which are nowhere found occurring together, are not 
altogether different forms of one and the same species. — Larva white or yellowish, with brownish longi- 
tudinal stripes and similar prolegs; head and forelegs glossy black; feeds on Passiflora. Pupa light pearly- 
grey, faintly suffused with pinkish, abdomen and leg-cases tinged with yellowish. The wing-cases have the 
veins feebly streaked with black, and at the back a few black dots. The imago is very common in the open 
country, preferring prairy- and meadow-land, visiting clover and yellow composite flewers such as Leontodon 
etc. They fly in late summer, in the United States in July, in Argentina in January and February. 
E. bogotana Stgr. This species which on the upper surface can hardly be distinguished from the Argen- 
tine form, only perhaps by the slightly smaller black spots, differs greatly on the under surface in having the 
hindwings uniformly grey-fuscous, but marked with several undulate longitudinal lines of dull silvery white. 
It seems to be an alpine form, but little known. Southern Central.America and Colombia. — poaria Schaus 
(86 f) hardly seems to differ, in having the undulate lines on the under surface of the hindwings not silvery, 
but only dull white with a resinous lustre. Southern Central America. 
E. hegesia Cr. (85 a). Upper surface with dark spots in the outer half of the wings; the paler dis- 
cal band rather faint, which, being added to the uniformly fulvous colouring of the hindwing from which 
only the terminal border is excepted, gives this form a rather monotonous appearance. Under surface like- 
wise more unicolorous, but most variable, the hindwing occasionally quite monotonously sandy brown. From 
Arizona and California, through Central and South America to Southern Brazil, in clearings in the forests; 
locally not scarce. 
2. Genus: Argymmis F. (= Brenthis Hbn., Acidalia Hbn.. Boloria Moore, Speyeria Scudd.) 
Although on the whole very homogeneous, the Argynnis represent one of the largest genera of the 
great family of Nymphalidae; at the same time they have an enormous range of distribution, being found 
on every Continent and in every Faunal Region. It is true that there are but a few isolated species which 
thrive in the Tropics and Subtropics; thus we meet of a chiefly Indian species (hyperbius) a number of forms 
all the way from Abessynia to Australia; a few Etheopean species occur quite isélated in the Mountain-ranges 
of Kilima Njaro in Central Africa, and just as much isolated as these we observe 2 few species in the moun- 
tains of Temperate South America. But aside from these few stray forms, by far the greater number of species 
belongs to the Northern Temperate Zone both of the Old and New World, and it is difficult to decide, 
whether the Palaearctic or Nearctic Region is to be regarded as their chief centre of distribution. 
The large number of forms which in their outward appearance frequently are very similar and for 
that reason not always easy to distinguish, has tempted a number of authors to split this rather homogeneous 
genus. Originally founded in 1807 by Faxsricius, it was separated by HUBNER into 5 genera based partially 
on the shape of the wings and palpi, partially on the colouring of the under surface, but encluding also some 
species of Melitaea and Agraulis (Dione). It was first OCHSENHEDMER (Schm. Eur. IV, p. 16; 1816), and after 
him Dousiepay (Gen. of Diurn. Lep.), who took a more comprehensive view of the genus, refusing to recognize 
a division which, far from simplifying it or adding to clearness, only tends to cause unnecessary confusion, 
a consideration mentioned already in the Pelaearctic Part of this Work (Vol. I, p. 226). Somewhat greater 
rights one might concede to HUBNER’s genus Brenthis which later was renamed Boloria by Moors, for reasons 
explained in the Indo-Australian Part (Vol. IX, p. 512) in the general diagnosis of Boloria; (cf. also Vol. 
XIII, p. 231). Here we have a group differing from the Argynnis s. s. by certain peculiarities of structure. 
Its main characteristic is the position of the 2. subcostalnervule, which in most Brenthis is emitted behind the end 
of the cell, whereas in the true Argynnis it arises more or less distinctly before that; palpi relatively slender; 
the short median spur which in Argynnis is emitted near the base of the forewing, and in the gg. the sub- 
costal tuft of hair which in many species of Argynnis s. s. is very distinct, are either completely wanting or 
only feebly indicated. But since the position of the subcostal nervule is not at all constant in all the species 
of either group, but varies within rather wide limits, approaching in some species the apex of the cell so 
much that it is impossible to say which group they should be placed in, and since, moreover, also the other 
