coerules- 
cens. 
nitrocaeru- 
lea. 
rufescens. 
leto. 
charlotti. 
cybele. 
408 ARGYNNIS. By Dr. Ts. Lenmann. 
dusted with greyish green, is here deep fulvous, almost as in A. aphrodite 9. As in nokomis, nothing is known 
of the earlier stages. — coerulescens Holl. is a peculiar form from northern Mexico, discovered in 1899 by 
C. TyLER Townsenp, and described by Dr. HoLianp as a variety of A. nitocris; Prof. Smiru, however, upon 
comparing the genitals, regards it as a separate species. ¢ differs but slightly from typical nitocris $3 in ha- 
ving the inner half of both wings more strongly obscured, and the black markings of the upper surface more 
confluescent; on the under surface the base and inner margin of the forewing deeper red, the black markings 
heavier. But the 2 differs from typical nitocris 2Oto such an extent that a casual observer might take them 
at first for diana 2, on account of the gorgeous blue colouring of the submarginal band of spots on both 
wings. Upper surface with base and median area deep black, with a faint violet lustre. On the under surface 
the markings resemble those of normal nitocris, but the forewings are darker red. Hindwings with the inner 
half to the median row of silvery spots deep olive green, the submarginal band yellowish-green; other speci- 
mens have the inner half of the under surface of the hindwings deep chestnut-brown; but in every case 
the colouring of the light submarginal band of spots is more or less greenish, never honey-yellow as in normal 
nitocris. In size it approaches nitocris. coerulescens is not at all scarce on the Upper Piedras Verdes, in 
the Sierra Madre (State of Chihuahua, Mexico), in September at elevations of from 7000—7200 ft. — As var. 
nitrocaerulea Cockerell a form was described from southern New Mexico, forming in some respects a transition 
from nitocris to HoLLaNnn’s coerulescens. The 3 differs above but slightly from typical nitocris $3; but under- 
neath the basal area of the hindwing is more cinnamon-red, strongly contrasting from the 2. 2 above with 
the inner half deeply purplish-black, the quadrate submarginal spots very pale yellowish, faintly suffused with 
pinkish. Under surface: Terminal band light green, the subterminal band of spots pale yellow, the base 
of both wings very dark, with purplish lustre. The type was taken at Beulah, Sapello Cation (New Mexico) 
in August. But there exist in New Mexico of this form also 29 which are fulvous: ab. 2 rufescens Cock. — On 
the earlier stages Prof. SkrnNER (Ent. News 1907, p. 318) has given us the following notes: Eggs before hatch- 
ing reddish, of the same structure as those of other known species; they were deposited on Aug. 24th.; the 
caterpillars which hatched on Sept. 7th., were at first pale greenish-yellow, with 11 rows of green tubercles, those 
at ‘the sides covered with long hair; head black. After the first moult there appeared a number of glossy 
black spines, provided with thick dull black hair. Body yellowish-brown, covered with numerous single bristles. 
Nothing is known of their further development. 
A. leto Behr (86 b) is closely allied to A. cybele with which it was identified by BorspuvaL; but it might 
be just as well taken for a separate species as nokomis. leto replaces cybele on the Pacific coast, from California 
to Washington, and was observed by GEDDES as far north as Fort Macleod in the Canadian Province of Alberta. 
3§ above not unlike the ¢ of nokomis and cybele, but the ground-colour duller and paler fulvous, the basal area 
much more obscured, the black markings finer. The spots in the submarginal rows on both wings are separated 
from each other and from the inner line. On the forewing the trans-discal spots rather large, roundish, followed 
by a zigzag-shaped broken band of spots. Under surface of the forewings bright fulvous, the costal margin 
and distal border buff; veins and base shaded with brown; the markings of the upper surface are repeated 
underneath, the marginal spots not silvered. Hindwings with pale straw-yellow submarginal band, as in cybele; 
the silver spots very distinct, but the base of the costa and the abdominal margin but slightly, if at all 
silvered. 2 marked like 3, but the ground-colour is pale straw-yellow, strongly contrasting with the chocolate 
or deep black-brown markings, especially in the basal area of both wings, where the spots confluesce so com- 
pletely that the inner half appears uniformly brown-black. Beneath it resembles the g, with basal area and 
inner margin reddish-brown; but the dark markings are deeper black, the light portions paler. Expanse: ¢ 
2,4 3,0, 2 3,0—3,3”. — charlotti Barnes refers to a form from Colorado, distinguished in the 2 by the 
uncommonly broad yellow band on the under surface of the hindwings. — We have no knowledge of its 
life-history. leto is found from Central California northward to Washington and Alberta. Washington speci- 
mens differ from the southern form in the darker colouring of the base of the hindwing. The type of Leto, 
like all the other types of BeHR’s, was distroyed in the great earthquake of San Francisco. 
A. cybele F. (= daphnis Cr., baal Streck.) (85 ¢ 9, d 3). 5 above resembles that of the preceding spe- 
cies and of leto; the fulvous ground-colour shaded with brown at the base, and finely dusted with blackish in 
both sexes, especially on the forewing. The submarginal crescents on the forewing are joining, but on the hind- 
wing detached. Under surface of forewings yellowish-brown, the apical space yellowish, enclosing a brown patch on 
the costal margin. Termen near apex bright brown, towards the inner angle yellowish; the anterior submarginal and 
subapical spots brightly silvered. The black markings of the under surface are more faintly repeated underneath. 
The hindwing has the basal two thirds to the submarginal row red-brown, more or less mottled with yellow. Distal 
margin brown, shading into yellowish towards the anal angle. All the silvery spots much larger than in leto. 
The pale brownish-yellow submarginal band between the outer rows of spots is never obliterated by being invad- 
ed by the darker ground-colour of the basal and marginal tracts. Abdominal margin slightly silvered. ° differs 
