ARGYNNIS. By Dr. Tu. Lanmann. 411 
described from specimens taken at Rocky Cafion. Huns, who later on collected a larger number in Maple 
Gulch, about 12 miles to the South of Prescott, Arizona, writs about it: “The gg appear in the beginning 
of July, the 29 not until the middle of the month. The whole country is indescribably wild and rough; 
everywhere deep ravines, the sides often rising 1000 ft. perpendicularly. On the border of the brooks strea- 
ming through the canon there grow large quantites of a white blossoming species of violet, very similar 
to the eastern Viola canadensis, near which one may be certain to find A. nausicaa, but only at the very 
bottom of the canon and always on the north side of the brooks. Sometimes they would alight on the 
blossoms of Asclepias tubercsa, others would sip the moisture from some damp spot warmed by the rays of the 
sun, becoming an easy prey. But to capture any on the wing, was almost impossible, in that path- and trackless 
wilderness covered with thornbushes’’. We have no knowledge of the earlier stages. 
A. atlantis Hdw. (85 e) replaces in the northern Atlantic states of North America A. aphrodite with 
which it associates in Central New York and New Jersey, the southern limit of its range of distribution. It is 
smaller than aphrodite and cybele, and may be distinguished from them by the relatively longer and narrower 
forewings, the moderately arched costal margin, the deeper brown colour of the upper surface, especially 
at the base of both wings, and of the under surface of the hindwings. Both sexes have the parallel marginal 
black lines broad and very distinct, and, especially on the forewings from apex to lower median, confluent. 
¢ has_on both wings the terminal spots frequently confluent, and joined to the inner marginal line. The spots 
in the discal row on the hindwings narrow, united with one another to form a sort of thin, angled band. 
Underside of forewings reddish, of the hindwings darker reddish-brown than in aphrodite, the inner 2% plainly 
clouded with greenish- or brown-grey. The submarginal band between the two outer rows of spots pale yellow, 
holding in extent the middle between aphrodite and cybele, but mostly sharply defined. All the spots large 
and strongly silvered, likewise the basal part of the costa and the abdominal margin. 2 more yellowish, 
broadly bordered with black. Expanse: 9 1,8—2,25”, 9 2,2—2,8”. — Ege conoidal, with 12—14 vertical 
ribs, honey-yellow; the caterpillars are hatched in fall, hibernating without feeding. When mature, the larva 
is above velvety blackish-violet, underneath somewhat paler; the spines arranged in 6 rows, black with grey 
base. Pupa pale brown, mottled with black, the abdominal segments excepted. The range of atlantis coincides 
in the South with that of aphrodite and cybele, but extends much farther to the North, through Maine to 
New foundland, Labrador and Hudson Bay, in the West to Winnipeg and the Rockies. Map also mentions 
Colorado, but specimens from thence are described as a separate species electa Hdw. In the North it is much 
smaller than in New York and New Jersey. It is rather an alpine species, comparatively scarce in the open country 
where aphroditeis most common. It is particularly abundant in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, where 
aphrodite does not occur at all, at the end of July and in the beginning of August. In Central New York, in the 
Adirondacks and Catskills, it appears as early as the middle of June, rather earlier than aphrodite; common 
on wooded meadows. Going south, it is found in the mountainous part of Western Pennsylvania and in the 
Alleghanies as far as West Virginia. 
A. lais Bdw. (86) is closely allied to atlantis, but of smaller size and paler colour. ¢ above bright 
reddish-brown, slightly obscured by fuscous at the base; the black markings uncommonly faint; the discal 
band on both wings broken up into irregular spots and streaks. Under surface of forewings light cinnamon-red, 
grey-yellowish at the apex, and pale red at base and inner margin, lighter toward the inner angle. The upper 
submarginal as well as the subapical spots silvered. Under surface of hindwings from base to beyond the se- 
cond, discal row of silvery spots dark brown, mottled with yellow. Submarginal band pale yellow, moderately 
broad; all the spots smal] and well silvered. 9 somewhat paler than 3, with base more obscured, all the 
markings heavier, on the hindwings the marginal lines more or less confluent; the mesial band on the 
forewings broad and continuous; the areas enclosed between the sagittate submarginal spots and the terminal 
lines in the G paler, almost whitish. Expanse: 3 2,0’, 9 2,2”. The earlier stages are not known. — las 
was first described from specimens captured by Capt. G. Guppas in the beginning cf July 1883 near Edmonton 
on the prairies of the Saskatchewan River in northern Alberta; mentioned also from the mountains and the 
lower hills of eastern British Colombia. But while in these localities it seems rather scarce, its centre of distribu- 
tion lies, accerding to THos. A. Bray, much farther East; for be found it rather abundant near Mc. Lean in 
eastern Assiniboia, about 500 miles to the East of Grppzs’ locality. 
A. oweni Hdw. (87 a). J upper surface dull reddish-fulvous, very slightly obscured at the base; the black 
markiugs moderately heavy, the two terminal lines more or less confluent. Under surface of the forewings 
brownish-yellow from the base to the outer row of spots, sometimes suffused with reddish. Veins reddish- 
brown. Subapical spots deep brown, enclosing a small, silvered spot; the anterior 5 submarginal spots small 
and very faintly silvered. The hindwings have the discal and basal areas dark brown, strongly clouded with 
atlantis. 
lais. 
owen. 
