ARGYNNIS. By Dr. Tx. Lenmann. 413 
A. hippolyta Zdw. (86 c) is a small-sized form from northern California and Oregon, regarded by STREK- hippolyta. 
KER as identical with bremneri, which it represents in the South. Upper surface of the g pale fulvous, 
with the markings heavy, the basal tracts of both wings strongly obscured, this dark clouding reaching on the 
hindwing almost the inner angle. The forewings on the underside buff, laved with pale red at the base, the 
termen and apical area ochreous-brown. The subapical and (in a lesser degree) also the submarginal spots 
silvered. Hindwings deep ferruginous, mottled with buff; submarginal band narrow, light buff, more or less 
densely dusted with brown. All the spots brightly silvered. 9 easily distinguished from ¢ by the bright red- 
dish-fulvous tinge of the basal area, and by having the submarginal band on the hindwings almost wholly lost 
in the deep basal ground-colour. Expanse: 3 1,6, 9 2,0—2,2’. Widely distributed through northern Cali- 
fornia and Oregon. With the earlier stages we are not acquainted. 
A. bremneri ZLdw. (86) is closely allied to the two following species of the Pacific Coast of North bremneri. 
America: viz. A. zerene and monticola, from which it is not always easy to distinguish with certainty. Fore- 
wings long, narrow. ¢ above bright fulvous, occasinally with a yellowish tinge; the black markings, espe- 
cially of the discal area, very heavy. Both wings have the base broadly obscured; on the hindwings the median 
band confluescent. The under surface of the forewings reddish-fulvous towards the base, sometimes cinnamon- 
red from the base along the inner margin up to median vein; the anterior part of the termen and the outer 
costal margin greyish-yellow, the subapical and anterior marginal spots generally well silvered. Hindwings 
with the inner two thirds deep ferruginous, slightly mottled with yellowish. The space between the two outer 
rows of very brightly silvered spots usually buff, sometimes clear yellow, very rarely invaded near the anal 
angle by the dark ground-colour. Costal margin near the base, and the abdominal margin slightly silvered. 
2 above paler than 3, the marginal lines and crescents on the forewings confluent, forming a broad black band 
enclosing a few insignificant spots of paler colour. Otherwise marked like the 3. Under surface of fore- 
wings deeper red than in 3, the apex ochreous, with distinct silver spots. Hindwing as in 3, somewhat more 
mottled with greenish-ochreous. All the spots large, well silvered. Expanse: g up to 2,4, 9 2,8’. The early 
stages have not as yet been described. The species was first described from specimens brought by Dr. 
BREMNER from San Juan Island (to the South of Vancouver), which he visited in 1871 on the British ship ‘‘Zea- 
lous**. Epwarps, who later on also collected on Vancouver, captured at the end of June about 60 specimens, 
flying on blossoming cloverfields near Victoria and Esquimalt; by far the greater majority of these were 
33, and it is probable that, as in other Argynnis, the 22 appear rather later than the gg. They were not at 
all shy, and on account of their slow and awkward flight easily captured. In 1873 CrotcH observed great 
numbers of this species on the Fraser River and on the border of Labache Lake, flying together with another 
Argynnis which he took to be a form of aphrodite, but which more likely was-cipris. bremneri inhabits 
southern British Colombia and Vancouver Island, advancing south as far as Washington and northern Oregon. 
A. zerene Bsd. (= hydaspe Bsd.) (86) is, like the following A. monticola, a rather variable species zerene. 
confined to northern California and the neighbouring States in the East and North; it is smaller than monétzcola. 
3 above deep reddish-fulvous, with heavy black markings, the basal area moderately obscured. The black 
marginal lunules very distinct, connected on the forewing, separated on the hindwing; median band confluent; 
also the other markings as in monticola, but not so conspicuous. Under side of forewings reddish, often suf- 
fused with rosy-pink, the apex buff, enclosing a patch of ferruginous. Marginal spots not silvered, but buff, 
suffused by the ground-colour at the inner angle. The hindwings have the ground-colour purplish-grey, 
mottled with ferruginous in the basal and discal areas and on the termen; submarginal band yellowish, 
much encroached upon by rays projected from the dark border. The spots are almost without any silver, 
of a delicate greyish-buff colour. The 2 differs but little from g in having the basal half of the forewings 
more obscured and deeper red, especially on the under surface, strongly contrasting with the yellow tint of the 
apex. The spots on the under surface of the hindwings are as a rule well silvered, but only in the outer 
row, whereas the rest do not differ from those of the g, in contradistinction to monticola 9 which has all the 
spots, also on the forewing, silvered. Expanse: g 2,2—2,3”, Q 2,425’. Nothing is known of the early 
stages. zerene is found in northern California (Plumas Co., on Mt. Shasta), Nevada and Oregon; whereas 
monticola prefers the higher mountains, zerene is found mainly in the lower valleys; it visits flowers and is 
rather common. — As irene Bsd. (= irene Streck.), and hydaspe Bsd. two forms were described, likewise irene. 
from California, resembling zerene so much that they may be regarded as identical or, according to StRECKER, hydaspe. 
as varieties of that variable species. — Also adiaste Edw. is closely related to zerene, differing only in the some- adiaste. 
what paler ground-colour and the finer, less distinct markings especially of the under surface of the hindwings. 
Its home is, like that of zerene, California. 
A. monticola Behr (85 e) is in many respects so closely allied to the preceding that some authors monticola. 
have treated it as an alpine variety of the same, inhabiting the higher mountains of California and the 
