meadii. 
edwardsit. 
rupestris. 
semiramis. 
418 ARGYNNIS. By Dr. Tu. Lenmann. 
must often tramp for miles over perfectly arid and, steep hills, where there is neither path nor any trees to 
afford shelter from the sun; sage-brush everywhere; springs of water are exceedingly scarce, and he may consider 
himself lucky if during an entire day’s climb he finds a few drops of water’? (EDwaRDs). The species was 
by Dr. StavprinceR and Mogscu ier regarded as identical with the European aglaja, but the whole appearance, 
the shape of the wings, the form and arrangement of the silver spots and the colour of the under surface in 
both sexes differ so much, that they cannot even be classed with the same group (ELWEs). 
A. meadii Hdw. (87) was by some authors treated as a form of A. edwardsit; but the difference 
between them appears two great and constant; rather one might take it for an extreme, dwarfed variety 
of A. nevadensis. Forewing, in contradistinction to edwardsii, but slightly arched, with moderately produced 
apex. Upper surface rather darker, deeper yellow-fulvous than in nevadensis, but little obscured at base, 
the veins broadly dusted with blackish, and the median band narrow, confluent on the hindwing. Under 
surface of forewings pale cinnamon-brown at base and along the veins on the disk, the remainder light 
buff, except the apical area and outer margin which are deep green. The upper submarginal as well as the 3 
subapical spots well silvered. Hindwing wholly of a glossy, rather dark golden green, with a strong silky 
lustre that distinguishes this among all other American Argynnis. The submarginal band but faintly indicated 
by a pale yellow streak between the two outer rows of silvery spots. All the spots as well as the costa 
at base and the abdominal margin well silvered. Q, as in the preceding species, very much like the 4, 
deviating only in the paler colouring and heavier markings. The sexes are approximately of the same size, 
about 2,2’. The early stages not known. meadii is found among the mountains of Colorado (Turkey Creek 
Jn., June, Mean), in Utah, Montana (Dr. Haypen) and the Canadian province of Alberta. 
A. edwardsii Reak. (= aglaja Hdw.) (86d) is, in the same way as aphrodite with cybele and atlantis, 
closely allied to nevadensis and meadii, from which it differs above in the brighter ground-colour, the broader 
obscuration of the basal area, the broader black termen, especially of the 99, and the olive-brown tint 
of the under surface of the hindwings. On the upper side the g has the submarginal Junules connected with 
each other and the inner terminal line, enclosing small spots of a paler shade than the ground-colour. On 
the hindwings the discal spots rather much reduced. Under surface of forewings with the base pale reddish 
and with similarly tinged nervures; the outer half pale buff, only the apex and inner margin suffused with 
greenish. Submarginal spots well silvered. Hindwings light olive-brown, mottled with yellowish. The buff 
submarginal band narrower than in nevadensis and meadvi, strongly invaded by the dark ground-coleur. The 
silverspots distinct. 2 above even more obscured than 3, almost resembling callippe which it approaches 
also in the uncommonly pale colour of the submarginal lunules on both wings and especially of the discal 
spots of the hindwings. On the forewing the apex rather paler than the ground. Underside as in 3, but the 
apex and outer border of the forewings as well as the entire hindwing of a deeper olivaceous tint, on which 
the yellowish mottling of the ¢ appears as a very faint streak; the submarginal band reduced even more 
than in g, not rarely completely absent or but slightly indicated, much as in aphrodite. The spots are large, 
those of the outer row triangular, thinly edged with black proximally. Expanse: 2,8—3,3’’. Originally described 
from specimens captured by Rrprnes in August 1864 in the meuntains near Empire City (Colorado). The early 
stages, described by Epwarps in Can. Entom. Vol. XX, p. 3, are very similar to those of A. atlantis. Out- 
side of Colorado it is also found in Nevada and Utah, but apparently always at higher altitudes than nevadensis. 
A. rupestris Behr. (S7c). 3: Upperside of forewings deep fulvous, the obscuration of the basal 
area almost reaching the mesial band, which latter is, like all other markings, very heavy. Under surface 
buff, at base and inner margin suffused with reddish; near the apex a slight ferruginous patch; the submar- 
ginal lunules brown, darkest posteriorly. Marginal spots pale buff, without any silver.- Hindwings likewise dull 
buff, shaded with cinnamon-brown, varying from pale to dark. Submarginal band buff, at the lower end 
somewhat invaded by the darker ground-colour. None of the spots silvered, only sometimes sprinkled with a 
few silvery scales. Q above resembles 3, but the marginal and other markings much heavier, the ground paler, 
in the discal area rather yellowish; the submarginal spots whitish. Under surface brighter coloured than in g. 
Forewings from base to below the upper median nervule and along the veins oa the disk uniformly light 
red, beyond buff. Hindwings as in 3, only the spots always more or less silvered. Expanse: g 2,0’, Q 2,2”. 
Nothing is known about the life-history. rwpestris is not scarce at higher elevations on Mt. Shasta in Cali- 
fornia, and on Mt. Bradley and the Weber Mountains in Utah. 
A. semiramis Zdw. (87d) combines the characteristics cf A. coronis (under surface) and A. adiante 
(upper surface); indeed some authors regard it as a southern, prairy-form of the former. g above bright fulvous, 
