triclaris. 
ossianus. 
helena. 
montinus. 
chariclea. 
422 ARGYNNIS. By Dr. Tu. Lenmann. 
Canada from Nova Scotia to Alaska; in southerly direction it extends from New England through New York 
and New Jersey, and on the higher hills of the Alleghanies to Virginia and North Carolina. 
A. triclaris Hbn. (= ossianus Bsd.) (Vol. I, pl. 67 g) is by many authors treated as a form of A. aphi- 
rape, from which it differs in the clearer ground-colour, the fine, but very sharp black markings of the upper 
side and the likewise distinct markings of the under surface of the hindwings which stand out very clearly 
from the ground. ¢g above pale fulvous, with the base of the forewings and the inner margin of the hind- 
wings densely dusted with black. The dark markings finer than in myrina, particularly the outer border quite 
narrow, joining a series of sagittate spots. The median area of both wings with relatively large and very 
regular rows of dots, vividly contrasting with the ground. The light spots forming the median band of the 
hindwings beneath show through above lighter than the ground-colour. Under surface of the forewings fulvous, 
shaded with ferruginous at the apex, the termen paler. Hindwings rusty-brown, with two bright yellow 
spots near the base, a strongly curved median band and a patch of pale buff on the outer border at the middle. 
All the spots without any silver. 2 mostly paler than ¢, the marginal spots enclosed between the lunules and 
terminal lines very pale, often almost white. The postmedian row of black dots as in 3, very distinct, regular 
and relatively large. On the under surface the markings of the hindwings are even more distinct than in the 3, 
representing three sharply defined yellow bands of irregularly shaped spots, one near the base and one on 
either side of the discal area. The round postdiscal spots of the upper surface reappear also underneath as 
small ocelli, like the small marginal spots pale yellow, very slightly silvered. Expanse: 3 1,5’, 9 1,6’. The 
early stages have not been studied in the American form. triclaris inhabits chiefly Arctic North America (Labra- 
dor etc.), but is also found, although more rarely, farther south among the higher mountains of the Rockies 
in Colorado. — The common Labrador form has been described as ossianus Hbst., which is also known from 
Arctic Scandinavia and Siberia as a very variable form of aphirape. The colour above is paler yellow than 
that of triclaris; the markings of the under surface, especially on the forewings, sharper, with the terminal 
spots larger, more distinct, yellow, slightly silvered. 
A. helena Edw. (87 e) appears closely allied to the Siberian form of A. selenis Hv., differing from it in 
the much paler ground-colour and finer markings of the upper surface. 3 above dull fulvous, heavily obscured 
with blackish at the base of the forewings and on the inner margin of the hindwings. The black markings of 
the upper side, especially the terminal border, much finer than in myrina. On the under surface the forewings 
are pale fulvous, shaded with ferruginous at the apex. Hindwing deep brown-ochreous, with 2—3 small pale 
spots at the base, a very sharply defined median band, composed of paler spots inclining to buff on the 
costa and the end of the cell, and with a marginal row of rather small yellow spots. 2 above very much as 4, 
only with the ground-colour paler; the ight markings of the under surface, especially of the hindwings, much 
more conspicuous, bright yellow, standing out more prominently upon the dark ground. helena is an alpine 
species found in the Rocky Mountains of North America from New Mexico to Colorado and Montana. In the 
South, in New Mexico and Colorado, it rises to elevations of about 12000 ft.; in Montana one meets it already 
at 6500 ft. above the sea. It is a common species, rather subject to variation, especially in the intensity of 
colouring and the distinctness of the spotting of the underside. helena was in 1899 captured by YounG also in 
Alaska, in the mountains between Forty Mile and Mission Creeks. These specimens are somewhat smaller than 
typical helena, with the colouring rather less bright. 
A. montinus Scudder (S7f). g above fulvous, quite similar to A. chariclea 3, of which, according to 
some authors, it probably is a local form separated long ago, but with. the ground-colour much darker. 
Under surface of hindwings deep ferruginous, marked with white lines and spots, the most characteristic of which 
is a heavy white bar at the end of the cell, and a similar small spot at the base; a marginal row of white 
spots, slightly silvered. 2 very much like 3, but larger, with the upper side paler. Expanse: 1,5, 2 1,75’. 
montinus is found in the Eastern United States quite isolated on the desolate barren peaks of Mount Washing- 
ton and the highest adjacent summits of the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Like the arctic flora 
of its surroundings, it is probably a relic of the ice-age, being, as STRECKER supposes, a possible descendant 
of the arctic chariclea which through its long isolation was changed to the present distinct form. It resembles 
most the Wyoming form of chariclea. 
A. chariclea Schn. (Vol. I, pl. 68 c). 3 above fulvous, the black markings heavy and both wings strongly 
obscured at the base with fuscous. Under surface of forewings pale yellowish-fulvous, mottled with ferruginous 
at apex and outer margin; hindwings purplish-brown, mottled with whitish-yellow, and traversed by a median 
band of irregularly-shaped, pale yellow spots. Marginal spots as well as 2—3 basal dots white, sometimes 
feebly silvered, but mostly with resinous lustre. 2 differs from ¢g in having the black markings, especially 
of the outer margin heavier and darker, and the upper surface of both wings frequently heavily dusted with black- 
ish; on the underside the hindwings have the spots more distinct, contrasting more sharply with the ground- 
colour. Expanse: 3 1,5’, 2 1,75’. We have no description of the earlier stages. chariclea is a circumpolar 
species of the far North, being found throughout Arctic Scandinavia, Russia and Siberia as far as Novaja 
