youngi. 
cytheris. 
426 ARGYNNIS. By Dr. Ts. Lenmann. 
and only for a moment, it is scared by the least disturbance, and even the most careful approach of the 
collector seems sufficient to drive it to precipitate flight. astarte seems to occupy among the American Argyn- 
nis a rather isolated position, having no closer affinities except with A. amphilochus, elatus, erda of the Amur 
Region (cf. Vol. 1, p. 233). It is a most constant species which varies neither individually nor sexually to 
any extent. 
A. youngi Holl. 2 above pale fulvous; the basal area of the forewings as far as the middle of the 
cell, that of the hindwings to its apex and to the tornus dusky greyish-brown. On the forewings the space 
between the spot in the middle of the cell and the K-shaped spot at its end, as well as the space surroun- 
ding the submarginal row of spots uncommonly pale, nearly white. Hindwing with broadly black median band 
which near the origin of the second median nervule gradually shades into the deep blackish-fuscous basal colour. 
Beyond the apex of the cell, between the median band and the dark basal area two strongly faded quadrate 
spots. Fringe white, on the veins fulvous. Under surface of the forewings uniformly pale fulvous with 
the markings rather slight. Hindwings in the inner half reddish ochreous, the median band only indicated 
by a faint pale streak; every spot margined by a delicate reddish line. From the origin of the 3. me- 
dian nervule to the inner margin behind the median band a brown shade. Outer half very pale ochreous, 
almost whitish, with the discal and submarginal rows of spots but faintly indicated. Along the costa a 
regular fine silvery line. None of the spots are silvered, only the upper one in the median band, which is 
shaped like an hour-glass, is sligthly silvered where it touches the silvery line. Abdomen and antennae 
blackish above, reddish underneath, legs evenly fulvous. Expanse: 1,2’. Only 1 2 known, which was cap- 
tured by Youne in north-eastern Alaska between Forty Mile and Mission Creeks. 
The now following species belong to a rather isolated group of South American Argynnis, which, 
being entirely separated from their allies in North America, are confined to the temperate region of Western 
South America. Great uncertainly prevails as yet as to the synonymy of the forms belonging here; and it 
is probable that the greater number of the species established by Borspuvat, RueED, BLANCHARD -e. a., 
may be synonymous or varieties of one and the same species. : 
A. cytheris Drury (= cytheris Reed, siga Hbn., lathonioides Blanch., dexamene Bsd.) (87f). A most 
variable species ranging from Fireland to Northern Chile, and distinguished by the most highly developed 
sexual Dimorphism, both as to the shape of the wings and to the colourmg and markings of the under surface 
of the hindwings. Therefore it is not to be wondered at that not only the forms which vary in colouring 
and markings, but also the different sexes were repeatedly described as separate species. In shape it resembles 
A. lathonia; the forewings, especially of the g, are distinctly and bluntly projected below the apex, and 
both wings are strongly denticulate; this appears less conspicuous in the gg, but both sexes are distinguished 
by having on the hindwings the costal margin strongly concave. The upperside of the 3 varies from dull 
brown to fiery fulvous, with the basal area but slightly-obscured, the black markings of the forewings mode- 
rately heavy and sharp. Both wings with two terminal lines, the outer exceedingly fine, the inner one ra- 
ther strong, broadly confluescent in their upper portion. The median band of the hindwings is composed 
of small, isolated, crescent-shaped streaks, the marginal markings mostly greatly reduced. The under surface 
of the forewings pale cinnamon-red, with the black markings less distinct than above, and, especially in 
the apical area, almost obsolete. Apex deep cinnamon-red, only with a very distinct white costal streak. 
The colouring of the under surface of the hindwings is generally a more or less uniform deep red-or cinnamon- 
brown, shading outwardly into a peculiar brownish-pink and being faintly suffused with yellowish at the 
anal margin. The black markings of the upper surface are very faintly repeated underneath in the inner 
half. In the middle of the wing a curved longitudinal streak of whitish or brownish-yellow follows the upper 
median nervule toward the termen; in addition a small pale yellowish-white cross-bar on the costal margin 
close to its extremity. The length of the median streak varies greatly, it being not seldom quite short and 
rudimentary. Some ¢¢ from Ushuaia (Fireland) have the under surface of the. hindwings much paler, brow- 
nish-yellow, with a Saar postmedian transverse band above which there are two, below 3 obsolete 
spots obscurely margined with fuscous. These g3 represent in the less monotonous markings of the under 
surface a sort of transition to the much more varied underside of the 99. These have the forewings 
strongly incurved below the apex, and both wings distinctly denticulate, the basal area very faintly obscu- 
red with fuscous. Forewings with the markings moderately heavy; the median band composed of isolated 
spots, the postdiscal spots relatively large and very regular, preceded at the costa by a white angular spot. The 
black terminal lines broadly confluent, joining at the apex the submarginal and postdiscal rows of spots. 
On the hindwing the markings much slighter, especially in the basal half; the median band barely indica- 
ted by very fine, curved striae. The submarginal spots on both wings arerhombic, distinctly separated from one 
another and the terminal border. On the under surface the forewings resemble those of the g, light cin- 
namon-red, much paler towards the termen, with the black markings rather diffuse, and obsolete in the apical 
area. Apex grey-fuscous, with a white dash on the costa and a clouding of ferruginous which also appears 
on the outer border at the middle. On the under surface the colour of the hindwing is greatly subject to varia- 
va 7 
, ap 
