pascoensis. 
asmeria. 
vesta. 
graphica. 
phaon. 
tharos. 
marcia. 
morpheus. 
pedrona. 
batesi. 
pratensis. 
thebais. 
orseis. 
436 PHYCIODES. By J. Roser. 
the back and purple ones at the sides. Its body is marked with whitish spots, each of which gives rise to a de- 
licate black hair, and with rather short black bristle-like spines. Pupa pearly grey, spotted with dark brown. — 
Wricur also mentions a form pascoensis from the west-coast of North America, distinguished by weaker 
dark markings and paler under surface. It is, however, doubtful whether it belongs to nycteis. 
Ph. ismeria Bsd. a. Lec. (= carlota Reak.) (89 c) ranges from Canada to the southern States, and west- 
ward to the Rockies. It is easily recognized by the most curiously marked under surface of the hindwings. 
2 resembles 3, but larger and paler in colour. Larva yellowish, with blackish spines and 3 blackish longitudi- 
nal stripes. Head, legs and venter black, prolegs yellow. Pupa light grey with pale spots and short white lateral 
humps; lives on Helianthus and Actimeris. — Mr. Cuas. D. A. Cockerett (Boulder, Col.) kindly sent us an 
exact description of the caterpillar (of P. carlota). The food-plant was Helianthus annuus. Of the caterpillar 
two different forms are known: 1. with a row of large, nearly square, orange dorsal spots, the subdorsal 
portion black, mottled with cream-white; sides paler, with a broadly reddish band; stigmata contained in elon- 
gate, angular, greyish-black, white centred spots; underside darker, with the dorsal and subdorsal spines 
black, the lateral ones pale; head glossy black. The other form is altogether orange-red, with black spines and 
dull subdorsal and lateral stripes, the latter directly above the base of the feet; head glossy black. Imago 
appears in the first days of September. 
Ph. vesta Hdw. (89 c), from Texas and Mexico, closely resembles a small-sized Melitaea. 9° like 4, 
but paler in colour. 
Ph. graphica Fldr., from Mexico (Huahuapan, September), is described by its author as follows: ‘Al- 
lied to pallescens, but the wings broader; forewings shorter, the apex less produced; ground-colour above 
blackish-fuscous, both sexes with a great number of basal spots, in the cell 2 small bands, the first one 
enclosing two inner spots, followed beyond the cell by 2 interrupted macular bands (the outer one dusted with 
ochreous-brown containing 6 irregularly arranged outer spots several of which dusted with ochreous-yellow) 
and submarginal lunules, the 5. of which, placed between 2. and 3.median, unusually small, obsolete in 4, 
more or less dusted with ochre-yellow. Hindwing with a rather large blotch in the outer half of the cell, 
2 discal bands much broader in 9 than in g, the 3. outer band composed of distinctly separated, black centred 
lunules, in another 2 specimen these are dusted with yellowish-brown before the termen; otherwise somewhat 
resembling pallescens, but with the discal band ochreous-yellow, edged anteriorly on the inside by very narrow 
blackish spots. Under surface of the hindwings broadly clouded with fulvous behind the cell and at termen; 
base, the spaces between the discal bands, apex of wings and space between 2. and 3. median dusted with whi- 
tish at the edge. — According to Satyin and GoDMAN this form is completely identical with vesta. 
Ph. phaon Hdw. (89 c) is one of the smallest species of this group. 9 like g. Found in the Gulf States 
of North America, occasionally met with also in Kansas. 
Ph. tharos Dru. (= pulchella Bsd., morphea Cr., tharossa Godt.) (89d), the “Pearly crescent spot”? of 
the Americans, ranges from southern Labrador to Florida and throughout the entire United States, with the 
exception of the Pacific Coast of California. It is very common. marcia Hdw. (= packardii Sawnd.) has the 
ground colour rather paler, with less dark markings. — morpheus F’. (= cocyta Cr. pharos Harr.) is only a 
summer form of tharos. — Egg pale greenish-yellow. Larva on various compositae, particularly Asters. Dark 
brown after the third moult, dotted with yellow on the back, with short black bristly spines with yellow base. 
Pupa grey-white with dark spots and lines. — pedrona Moulton, from Brazil (Minas Geraes) I consider as a 
separate species; differs from tharos in the smaller size, the smaller dark spots on the upper surface of the 
hindwings, and the lack of some of the dark basal spots on the same wing. Forewings with 5 instead of 6 
submarginal spots, arranged in an irregular row; moreover the pale oblique stripe above the cell and the broken 
line at the inner margin as well as the 3 darkest spots on the under surface of the forewings are lacking, 
only a brown submedian mark being visible. 
Ph. batesi Reak. (89d). ““Barrs’ Crescent spot’? occurs from New York to Virginia and westwards 
to Ohio. 2 resembles 3; the earlier stages not known. 
Ph. pratensis Behr (= epula Bsd.) (89 d) from California closely resembles Melitaea. 3 rather gaudily- 
coloured, 2 large, pale rufous, with uniform markings. Under surface marked with paler tints. 
Ph. thebais Godm. a. Salv., distributed from Mexico to Guatemala, differs from the following orseis 
in having the upperside spotted with pale instead of reddish-yellow, and in the hindwings lacking almost 
every vestige of rufous colouring. 
Ph. orseis Hdw. (89 d) is found from Washington to Mexico. 2 very much like ¢, but with all the dark 
markings larger, the light ones still paler. The earlier stages remain to be worked out, 
f_» 
