eaclamatio- 
nis. 
eresia. 
sodalis. 
ehrenbergii, 
454 GNATHOTRICHE. By J. Roper. — MORPHEIS. By Dr. A. Serrz. 
the collection of Professor DRavpr, is likewise small; forewing black with broad yellow subapical band and 
large yellow triangle at the inner margin of the forewing. The hindwing is black on the distal half, yellow on 
the proximal half, and at the costal margin there is a black basal stripe. 
7. Genus: Gnathotrieche Fldr. 
Of this genus only 2 species are yet known, both of which occur in the high mountains. As regards 
the build of the body the genus stands between Phyciodes and Chlosyne, but it is distinguished from both by 
the upper discocellular, which is as long as the middle discocellular and has the same direction; the cell of 
the forewing is likewise open. The club of the antenna is pear-shaped. The butterflies fly in lonely, shady 
places and are fond of drinking at running water. 
G. exclamationis Koll. (88 g), from Colombia and Venezuela; the ¢ is similar above to the Satyrid 
Eteona tisiphone, figured at pl. 52a, but the under surface is essentially different, as in exclamationis 3 it is 
quite similar to the upperside, only paler. The 2 (according to the material kindly placed at our disposal 
by Herr A. H. Fasst) occurs in two very different forms. One is similar to the ¢ and has the upper sur- 
face black-brown with a yellow transverse band on the forewing. This form may be considered as the typical 
one. The second, which we name eresia form. nov. (88 g), is deceptively like a Phyciodes of the Hresia group 
both above and beneath. The under surface of the forewing corresponds to the upper, but the apical part is 
lighter and has dark veins and stripes. The under surface of the hindwing is grey with dark veins and stripes 
and 3 red-brown spots near the base. The distal margin of both wings is narrowly red-brown. It is fond of 
drinking at running water in quiet, shady places. 
G. sodalis Stgr. (88 g), described from specimens from the Cauca Valley in West Colombia, but also 
occurring in other parts of Colombia, is of the same size as exclamationis, with dark smoke-grey ground- 
colour and much more indistinct greenish yellow markings. In the cell of the forewing stands a larger basal 
spot and a smaller, very obscure one in the middle, then follows a similar, but much more indistinct macular 
band and behind it there is a further row of 5 or 6 small, distinct, round spots. On the hindwing are placed 
at the end of the cell 3 larger yellowish spots and some indistinct smaller ones, directed anteriorly, so that 
an almost rectangular band is formed. In addition there are in the distal part 2 very obscure bands com- 
posed of greenish spots. On the under surface of the forewing the large yellow spots stand out distinctly, 
the spot at the inner margin being especially large, and the basal spot in the cell is elongate. The apex is 
whitish grey with black veins. The under surface of the hindwing is yellow-grey with dull brown-grey marginal 
stripes; at the end of the cell is placed a spot, before it an orange shade and behind it are whitish yellow 
spots, corresponding to those of the upper surface; at the base there is a red spot. 
8. Genus: Morpheis Hon. 
The only butterfly in this genus, which is more often called ““Anemeca‘, is extremely near Chlosyne. It 
is a moderately small black butterfly with red legs, and shows a biological resemblance, which is difficult 
to explain, to some likewise black butterflies of the same size from quite different families. Morpheis, namely, 
like the Pierid Hucheira socialis and the Erycinid Hades noctula, is very local and also closely restricted geo- 
graphically, but occurs gregariously, sometimes in swarms. It is very striking that the wing-pattern also — 
black with light vein-stripes and beneath red base — is reproduced in the Hades species. 
Head of Morpheis large with thick, strongly prominent eyes, palpus long, middle joint swollen, 3rd 
long. Antenna short with strong, suddenly thickened club, which consists of 15 segments, whilst the antenna 
itself is composed of 22. Thorax thick and stumpy, forelegs hairy, the others naked and red. Wings of normal 
shape, without angles and teeth, moderately broad. The butterflies are common, but have quite definite and 
limited places of flight. The flight itself is heavy and resembles that of Chlosyne hyperia. 
M. ehrenbergii Hbn. (93 a). Black above with distinct bone-coloured vein-streaks before the apex, 
especially on the forewing. Beneath the hindwing has the veins yellowish throughout and the forewing to- 
wards the apex, and the base is red. Only known from Mexico: Mazatlan, Oaxaca, Mexico, la Soledad 
and other places, common locally. 
B. Group Vanessidi. 
The Vanessids are the commonest butterflies almost all over the world. In the northern temperate zone they are 
chiefly represented by the genera Vanessa (Europe) and Polygonia (North America), in the tropics by Precis, in the southern 
hemisphere principally by Pyrameis and Hypanartia. The butterflies are mostly the earliest in the year and eyen in very 
