HYPANARTIA. By Dr. A. Serrz. 459 
P. carye Hbn. (= charie Bich., muelleri Letch., caryae Holl.) (94a). Similar to the preceding, as also carye. 
on the under surface, easy to distinguish by the light subapical band on the upperside of the forewing, which 
in American cardut is indeed occasionally somewhat clouded, but in European nearly always quite pure white, 
never of the tan-yellow ground-colour typical of carye. The eye-spots on the hindwing, as in kershawi, pupilled 
with blue above also. — Larva blackish with small light spies and spots, on Malvaceae and thistles. Widely 
distributed, a true prairie butterfly, frequenting wide grassy plains and resting with closed wings on heaps of 
earth or prairie tracks. In North America more in the west, in hot regions (Mexico) preferring the highlands and 
mountains, in temperate South America again descending to the plains, where I met with it commonly in Fe- 
bruary near Montevideo. At Buenos Aires still common on corn-fields, in Patagonia often the only common 
species; the larvae there sometimes in enormous numbers and when they become excessively abundant taking 
to cannibalism (C. Bere). I took the species especially in compagny with the South American form of Pyrameis 
huntera. Northwards of South Brazil I no longer found carye in the plains. 
P. huntera F. (= hunteri Hbn., belladonna Pet., iole Cr.) (94a, b). This species, which occurs in the huntera. 
yellower form virginiensis Drury (94 b) in North America and on the (Palearctic) Canary Islands, may be at virginiensis. 
once distinguished from the preceding by the two large eye-spots in the distal part of the hindwing beneath. 
South American specimens in fresh condition are a wonderful rose-colour, especially those that I took in 
Bahia and at Rio. In both places the butterfly flies together with Pyram. myrinna, which it somewhat resem- 
bles in flight, though differing in its smaller size and in having less black on the hindwing. These splendid 
rose-coloured Brazilian specimens are sold under the name rubia S’gr., but the colour withstands the influence rubdia. 
of light very badly and soon changes to brownish, such as is show from the first by typical huntera, like those 
I took on the lower La Plata. Old specimens in collections may even fade to such an extent as to resemble 
the pale North American specimens known as fulva Dodge. — In braziliensis Moore, from Brazil, the black fulva. 
spots on the upper surface are enlarged, so that the insects, especially when taken fresh, give a darker im- 5raziliensis. 
pression. — altissima Rosenb. &. Talbot, from Peru and Kcuador, approximates to the preceding and like them, altissima. 
has the black increased; the markings of the under surface white, not tinged with yellow; a mountain form. — 
Larva iron-grey, with weak spines and black head; on the back of each segment is placed a velvety black trans 
verse spot, which bears red dots and small, light subdorsal spots. On Gnaphalium and Antennaria. The larvae 
of the South American form I do not remember to have seen so brightly coloured as it is represented in 
the figures of virginiensis given by ABBott, BorspuvaL and HoLLAND. The butterflies fly much more slowly than 
those of cardui and carye; they are nearly always found only on flowers; they do not favour the open steppes, 
but places where there is luxurious vegetation, and in Brazil they are sometimes met with in clearings in the 
middle of the primeval forests; in the hot districts they fly all the year round and are common. 
P. terpsichore Phil. (94a). Similar to the preceding species and probably only its representative in ¢erpsichore. 
the trans-andine south-west. On the hindwing above only 2 separated ocelli, which are sharply cut off from 
the little marked disc by a black curved stripe. Also the reddish-coloured disc of the forewing less spotted 
than in the preceding. Beneath the bark-brown ground-colour of the hindwing is transversed by an irregular 
yellow median band, with silver-white spots and margins. Chile; common. 
P. myrinna D6l. (94b). Similar to the two preceding, but easy to distinguish by the straight, regular, myrinna. 
deep black postmedian band of the hindwing. On the under surface this band is sepia-brown and encloses the 
two large eye-spots. The ground-colour of the upperside is a magnificent rose-red (ab. incarnata) so that the 
insect is in life one of the most beautiful butterflies that I know, though specimens in collections give no idea 
of it. Even in papers the colour fades in a few weeks after death, in set specimens after only a few days, 
and changes into the dull rose-colour which is shown in our figure. — Full-grown larva red-brown, with 
small white transverse bands on the posterior part of the segments and a light lateral band below the spiracles 
and with black spines; on Achyrocline flaccida, the leaves of which it nibbles in order to spin itself a 
domicile from the chewed fragments. The pupa reddish white or with adull yellow gloss, with washed-out 
grey markings and more distinct longitudinal stripes on the back of the abdomen and above the stigmata; the 
tubercles blackish. The butterfly flies in Brazil and in a scarcely different form in Ecuador. Whether this form 
is the aequatorialis Wagn. which WacNner mentions as a ,,representative species of carduc from Chimborazo, aequatoria- 
but does not recognizably describe, or whether this is identical with the form of huntera passing as braziliensis, “s- 
or only a synonym of the preceding species, I cannot determine; WaGNerR only records it as a ,,still undescribed 
species“ in his collection, without giving any precise distinctions. It would be well to strike out this ,,i. 1.“ 
name entirely. 
12. Genus: Hypanartia Ky. 
This genus was formerly made to include a number of African forms which, however, were afterwards 
rightly separated by Roruscuitp and Jorpan as Antanartia and are dealt with under this name in vol. XIII, 
p- 227 of the ,,Macrolepidoptera‘‘. It is so near to the preceding genus that many species, e. g. the small H. 
(now Antanartia) abyssinica, until quite recently oscillated between the two genera. The species which concern 
