lethe. 
godmani. 
bella. 
paullus. 
kefersteini. 
lindigit. 
dione. 
arcaet. 
460 HYPANARTIA. By Dr. A. Szrrz. 
us here are characterized by a tooth, mostly long, at the end of the upper median vemn. The apex of the fore- 
wing in many species is exactly as in Pyrameis, and the coloured bands on the wings in some species also show 
the position of the analogous bands in Pyr. atalania. —'The larvae are rather short and thick with short 
fleshy spines and rough, but not horned head. They live until pupation in cases formed of leaves and change 
after the 5th moult into smooth pupae with quite short conical horns on the head and strong saddle across 
the middle of the back, somewhat compressed laterally with weak dorsal carination. 
H. lethe 7. (= daemonica Hbn. 3, nec 2) (94b). Above tan-yellow, the apex of the forewing yellow 
and spotted with white; a rather straight transverse band runs from the end of the first third of the costa to 
beyond the anal angle; it is separated from the more strongly brown-yellow disc by a faint black nebulous 
streak. Under surface light ochre-yellow with red-brown reticulate markings, the costal part of the hindwing 
lighter. Brazil, especially on the east coast, at Rio Janeiro, on the Corcovada, at Santos in the lowlands towards 
Sao-Vicente, everywhere in the Serra do Mar, in Sta. Catharina, at Blumenau, particularly in moist valleys. 
Northwards to Texas. — Larva very variable, at first blackish with small white dots, when full-grown nearly 
white, before pupation becoming yellow; the spines after the moults white but most of them afterwards become 
black, only one here and there remaining white. On Boebmeria_ in leaf domiciles. Pupa light-green, with dark 
green oblique streaks and some silver spots. It is very mobile and even after a slight touch it keeps wriggling for 
a long time. The butterflies fly over the forest-paths and rest on the branches of trees or bushes overhanging 
the road, the head directed towards the road, mostly at a height of 2—3 m., in exactly the same way as the 
Old World Symbrenthia and many Polygonia. When disturbed they persistently return to the same place or 
settle on a neighbouring branch, so that they can be caught without any difficulty. They sometimes leave 
their posts of their own accord, fly rapidly several times up and down the road without quitting it and return 
again to their resting-places. In South Brazil a large species of Mantis takes advantage of this habit and, con- 
cealed by its leaf-like appearance, lies in wait at the ends of the branches and catches the Dutt rly es numbers 
of che of this species daily fall victims to it. The species is common. 
H. godmani Bates (= atropos Fldr.) (94). Similar to the preceding, but quite considerably larger; 
the whole apical half of the forewing black, only quite at the apex sparingly spotted with white, not yellow. 
Under surface quite different to that of the preceding, very brightly marked with white, bluish and yellow. 
Mexico, through Central America to Colombia; not rare. 
H. bella #. (= zabulina Godt., daemonica Hbn. 2) (94c¢). Likewise similar to lethe, not larger than the 
latter, the apical half of the forewing with 2 rows of spots, as in lethe, but these are white, not of the yellow 
ground-colour. The under surface is quite different, recalling Pyrameis in the scheme of markings, the border 
with a distint tooth below the apex, whilst in lethe the border of the forewing is quite feebly dentate or 
only somewhat undulated and in godmani nearly straight, slightly crenulate. Very common in Brazil, at Rio 
and Santo, habits and localities exactly as in lethe, so that the two species are mostly captured together. 
H. paullus F. (= tecmesia Hbn.) (94). Somewhat recalling a licht coloured lethe or bella, but the black 
light-spotted apical part of the forewing is here entirely of the tan-yellow ground-colour, only dark-margined 
and sparsely spotted with black; hindwing with 2 points. From the Antilles. 
H. kefersteini Db/. (94c). Both wings strongly dentate, the hindwing almost tailed. Upper surface 
copper-brown, forewing without the yellow oblique band of lethe and bella, the apical part black, with bright 
vitreous white spots. Venezuela, Colombia, parts of the Amazon region, and reaching as far as Bolivia. — In 
lindigii Pldr. (94) the forewing is less sharply angled, the apex not so strongly produced, the colour more 
copper-red and the transparent white bands and spots in the apical part of the forewing are much enlarged, 
producing a superficial resemblance to Anartia amathea, which flies with it in the same districts (the north of 
South America). This northern or western form seems to be considerably rarer than the more southern ke- 
fersteint. 
H. dione Latr. (94, d). This common form inclines in its superficial appearance towards certain Mega- 
lura species, as lethe does towards Pyrameis and kefersteini towards Anartia. Thus the hindwing is produced 
into a long point; the upper surface velvety brown, with 6 or 7 parallel transverse stripes, between the median 
veins a hyaline comma-shaped spot, and often in addition some small hyaline dots on the forewing, which lock 
like pin-pricks. Throughout the north of South America, distributed from Venezuela to Bolivia and mostly 
not rare. It also occurs in Guatemala, although rarely. Between this locality and Colombia, however, it seems 
to be wanting and to be mostly replaced by the next species. 
H. arcaei Godm. & Salv. (94d), near the preceding species, as is already evident from the long point 
of the hmdwing and the hyaline comma-spot in the middle of the forewing, and representing it in Panama, 
where the true dione is wanting. arcae?, named after its discoverer ARc#, is larger than dione and the forewing 
has an orange wedge-shaped band in the distal third of the forewing. This is due to the fact that in the 
haunts of arcaei the commonest Megalura is not Megalura chiron, the model of dione, but a species of the M. 
marcellus group, which bears a wedge-shaped orange band beyond the middle of the forewing. Costa Rica and 
Panama, apparently not common. 
