occidentalis. 
basifusca. 
jucunda. 
jatrophae. 
saturata. 
luteipicta. 
462 NAPEOCLES; ANARTIA. By Dr. A. Ssrrz. 
the 3 above almost identical, but with stronger metallic gloss, the band in the 3 slightly constricted below 
the fork, the antemarginal stripe lighter and broader, and also on the hindwing the submarginal band is widened 
and ochre-brown. The ¢ on which this form was founded was taken together with a 9 of the typical lavinia *). 
A sharp separation of the western form, such as FELDER attempted under the name occidentalis, is scarcely 
tenable. 9° of this form are said to differ constantly in the broader forked band of the forewing. This band, 
however, also varies very strongly in eastern specimens even from the same district. — In ab. basifusca Weym., 
from Ecuador, the area from the base of the forewing to the large eye-spot, which stands in a light patch, 
and the entire hindwing as far as the pale submarginal band are unicolorous dark coffee-brown. The 
form is merely an aberration, extremely near to infuscata Fldr. (94e), and flies among the type-form, but appa- 
rently only in certain definite localities. The under surface varies even more than the upper, but there seems 
to be no regular contrast, as in India, between specimens with the under surface variegated (of the rainy season) 
and those in which it is unicolorous or leaf-like (of the dry season). — The larva is rather stumpy with short, 
thick spines, dark brown or iron-grey with light longitudinal stripes, some of which are interrupted, the horns 
on the head directed forwards, of moderate length; common on Plantago, Gerardia and Antirrhinum. It occa- 
sionally occurs in swarms on stubble-fields, commonly resting on the bare earth or on sand-heaps. The pupa 
is light wood-brown, somewhat concave ventrally. In the tropics the butterfly flies throughout the year without 
interruption. In the north and south it is a summer species, and sometimes congregates and migrates like Pyra- 
meis cardui; these migrations take place in the United States in July, in Argentina in February. 
14. Genus: Napeoeles Bat. 
Of this genus only a single species is yet known, which varies little and is very restricted in its 
range. The body is strongly built, the palpus unusually long, the antenna strong, distinctly clubbed at the 
end, the wings shaped like leaves, the forewing below the apex produced into a posteriorly directed tooth, 
incurved below this and projecting above the anal angle. The hindwing shows a uniformly curved margin and 
strongly produced anal angle. Characteristic is the very strongly curved costa, which leaves a comparatively 
broad space between it and the subcostal, and also the very broad cell, which on the hindwing is open. 
N. jucunda Hon. (95 a), the only known species, is black above with small, whitish, blue-edged subapical 
spots and broad, abbreviated, metallic blue median band, often lighter proximally. Under surface brown with 
leaf-like markings. Amazons to Bolivia. 
15. Genus: Anartia Hbn. 
Medium-sized butterflies, in habitus strongly recalling our Vanessids, with angled wings and mostly 
with bright white spots or bands on the upper surface; head small, with strongly protruding, hemispherical 
eyes and pointed, elongate palpi; antenna with flat, spoon-shaped club; thorax strong, abdomen slender; wings 
broad, forewing as a rule, hindwing always angled; brightly coloured. Legs long and thin. Worthy of note is 
the anastomosis of the Ist and 2nd subcostals with the costal, also the open cells of both wings. Four species 
are known, all very common in their respective haunts. The egg is spherical in shape, beneath flat with 9—11 
narrow longitudinal ribs, which disappear towards the pole; the eggs are laid singly on the upperside of leaves. 
The adult larvae are black, moderately spined; the larva of one species (jatrophae) was represented as densely 
haired, but without spines, which is no doubt to be traced to an error. 
A. jatrophae L. (94e). White with slight mother-of-pearl gloss and sparse grey markings **), which 
are chiefly confined to round the base of the forewing, on the cell-bands and at the distal margin. In the 
dise of the forewing one, on the hindwing two punctiform eye-spots of very varying development. The under 
surface is dull white with fine rosy-red and orange-yellow markings. jatrophae was described from northern 
South America, but is distributed over most of the warmer part of South America, strongly variable individually 
(but little geogaphically), and in South Brazil is still one of the commonest butterflies. The flight is different 
from that of the other Anartia species. The insect darts along with the wings spread out (swimming flight) 
and gives exactly the same impression as the Indian Precis atlites (vol. IX, pl. 117 a). — saturata Stgr. is 
the West Indian form, characterized by the broad yellow distal margin and the stronger markings. — Iutei- 
picta Pruhst., from Central America, has the yellow of the distal margin of the hindwing sometimes extended 
proximally across the middle of the wing, occasionally covering the whole upper surface. — The larva is said 
to live on Jatropha manihot and in Sxpp’s figure, which seems to have been prepared with the assistance 
of MmRLAN’s sketch, more resembles that of a moth. corone Gosse, jamaicensis Méschl. and luteipicta Fruhst. 
are names for forms from the Antilles or Honduras, according to the amount of the yellow suffusion. 
*) The specimen of lavinia figured from the underside at 94d forms a transition to hilaris. 
**) The specimen figured at 94e is a 2 with unusually copious brown markings. 
