lamis 
flavilla. 
lunigera. 
sylvestris. 
canthara. 
476 PSEUDONICA; TEMENIS. By Dr. A. Sxrrz. 
; P. lamis Cr. (= laphria Godt.) (97 b). Upper surface without any markings brownish black, under 
surface honey-yellow, quite slightly strewn in dark; on each wing a straight dark streak runs from before the 
apex to behind the middle of the inner margin, and before the margin there is an irregular dark line. 
32. Genus: Pseudoniea Ky. (Nica Hon.) 
This genus likewise contains but one species, which had been first described by Gopart as Nymphalis 
flavilla, and been figured and placed in the genus of Nica by Htsner. It is a little animal, almost unicolorously 
honey-yellow, distributed in 4 forms over a great part of Central and South America. The markings on the 
under surface show pretty much the same design as in Peria. Head medium-sized, palps strong, antenna of 
more than half the costa-length, finely curled, at the end scarcely thickened. Cells of all the wings closed, those 
of the forewings rather broad. Margin of the forewings almost smooth, that of the hindwings scarcely undulate. 
Nothing is known of its early stages. The butterflies fly single on forest-roads and like to rest with half-opened 
wings on leaves close above the ground. 
P. ilavilla ox. The Brazilian form has bright orange-coloured upper surface, brown margin of the 
forewings. The markings of the under surface shines distinctly through to the upper surface. — lunigera Fruhst. 
is the form from the utmost south of the range, Paraguay in the east and Peru in the west. Its forewings are 
extensively bordered in black; the black margin extends far into the anai angle. At the cell-apex a broad reddish- 
brown transverse spot. The hindwings have above, at the margin, a complete chain of moon-spots distally bor- 
dered in violet. — sylvestris Bat. (97 b) from Colombia and the Amazon has in the dark apex a little light dot; 
the under surface is less marked than in flavilla, but still more than in the fourth form canthara Dbl. (97 b) 
from Venezuela and Central America, which is very fallowly ochreous and so faintly marked at the under sur- 
face that the markings do not shine through above. 
33. Genus: Wemenis Hobn. 
The little species sylphis having been taken out of this genus and established in the genus of Bolbo- 
neura, there are only 2 Temenis left one of which, however, has an extreme geographical variation. They 
are medium-sized butterflies with wings of a honey-yellow or hemochrome colour and are spread over the greater 
part of tropical America. Head pretty stout with strongly protruding eyes, the palps long and strong, antenna 
gradually thickened to a quite delicate clavolet. Thorax strong, abdomen very slim in the g. The forewings 
in one of the species are angled below the apex, in the other they are of a normal shape; the cellule is 
very short, at the end broad and straightly clipped. On the forewing the first subcostal vein branches off just 
before the cell-end, the second close behind, the third, however, far beyond. The larvae are green with 
a cordiform head bearing two long horns furnished with rosettes of accessory spines; the dorsal spines are 
reduced in number, somewhat irregular, those on the 3. and 11. segment thickened in the shape of a clavola; 
the pupa is green with fine red markings and two points on the head; the butterflies fly single, but are not rare. 
T. laothoé. This common butterfly varies a great deal, so that 16 forms have been named. It occurs 
liberia. from Mexico to Paraguay and Peru. The most northern form, liberia F. (97 ¢), is above unicolorous of a dull 
hondurensis. orange colour, with a hardly darker apex of the forewings. — Slightly different from it is hondurensis Fruhst. 
from northern Central America; it resembles also the ariadne Cr., but the hindwings are lacking the reddish 
distal margin, the apex of the forewings is of 2 pale reddish colour as in agatha, with a light apical spot before 
agatha. it. —’ agatha F., flying like liberia and hondurensis also in the West Indies has a moire brown apex of the 
columbiana 
ariadne. 
ottonis. 
violetta. 
pseudolao- 
thoé. 
pseudo- 
ariadne. 
laothoé 
. forewings. — columbiana Fruhst. from Colombia approaches very much the Central American form, but it is 
larger than hondurensis, and the ochreous ground-colour as well as the apex of the forewings are a shade darker, 
especially also the under surface. — ariadne Cr. (= merione F.) is the longest-known form from Guiana, 
in which all the forewings have a dark distal margin. — ottonis Fruhst. (= merione Hbn. pt.) (97¢) has 
quite ochre-yellow wings in the 3, but the apex of the forewings is cut off by an oblique subapical band, the 
lower end of which runs along the distal margin to the anal angle; Surinam. — violetta Fruhst. (97 c¢) from 
Rio Waupes which occurs to the south as far as Bolivia, has broad blackish brown apex of the forewing and 
the 2 almost quite dark hindwings which are coloured in yellowish red only at their apical area. But in Bolivia 
flies also the ottonis-form with ochre-yellow hindwings in the g. — In the Amazon district fly furthermore the 
forms pseudolaothoé Fruhst., forewings with broad dark apex like in laothoé, but the hindwings not dark, but 
yellow, and pseudoariadne Fruhst., in which the ground-colour is paler ochreous and more fallow, the apical 
area of a duller colour, and in the 9 the inner border of the dark apical area is quite slightly obtuse-angled. 
. This form was described from Obidos. —laothoé Cr. is the form having a blackish brown apex of the forewings, 
its Inner margin being uniformly rounded, the forewing-discus of a bright yolk colour, the hindwings above 
preponderantly blackish-brown. This design of colouring very much reminds us of that of Epiphile lampe- 
hibneri. thusa with which the species flies together in different places, — hiibneri Pruhst. (— merione Hbn. pt.) is simi- 
