cuvieri. 
latila. 
coerulea. 
bellaria. 
tatilina. 
maja. 
concordia. 
484 EKUNICA. By Dr. A. Serrz. 
clavola; the veins are quite divergent. The 3 principal veins are inflated at the base, the median is thickened 
as far as to the branching-off of the 1. vein, the base of this vein starting directly beyond the base is even also 
thickened in the 3 etc. — There is only one species known from the Amazon River, being rare as far as I know. 
L. cuvieri Godt. (hyperipte Hbn.) (97d). A medium-sized butterfly above and below dark-brown; the 
forewings with a weak prong below the apex, the hindwings strongly bent at the anal part. Forewings with 6 
scattered white punctiform spots in the distal area and faint violet reflection in the inner area. On the under 
surface the white spots are more numerous, the hindwings with a purple gloss. From the Amazon (Obidos. 
Teffé, the figured specimen from Santarem). The stated habitat , Jamaica might be due to a mistake in 
confounding it with Hunica tatila (100 A a) which is not quite dissimilar. Mostly single and in many places of 
the range rare. 
41. Genus: Eumiea Hon. 
About 80 forms of considerable geographical variability, but concerning the specimens from the same 
region, mostly being of an amazing constancy, form this genus. The animals are very elegantly shaped, remin- 
ding us very much of our Apatura, nearly always of a brownish-black ground-colour with few white spots, but 
often with a magnificent blue reflection which is sometimes also seen in 99. Just like the American Megalura 
are in certain connections to the Cyrestis of the Old World, and the Cystineura teleboas to the African N eptidopsis, 
we find the same connections in Hunica to the African Crenis having probably also like these numerous though 
short spines in the larvae *). The butterflies have the median of the forewings strongly thickened or even 
distinctly inflated at its base, as far as to the branching-off of the middle median vein; sometimes even this is 
also strongly thickened as well as the subcostal. The forewings are sometimes angled below the apex, the cell 
of the forewings closed, that of the hindwings often closed by such a fine transverse vein that it is only 
distinctly noticeable in transmitted light or after desquamation. Antennae gradually thickened to a thin and 
flat clavola of more than half the length of the costa. Middle and hind-tibiae not prolonged as in Gynaecia, 
Ageronia ete. Wings with slightly undulated, smooth or also dentated margin. — The butterflies fly when 
the sun is shining, but by preference in the shade of the woods, they especially live in the mountains, are mostly 
found single or even rarely, but at times they suddenly occur in great numbers. Most of the species are to be 
found in the Amazon-regions and Northern Peru, only 3 species go far to the south. They seem to disdain 
flowers, but are fond of drinking from wet brook-stones and mud-holes, from lures and rotting fruit. 
The colouring and markings of Hunica are in nearly all its species so corresponding that even by long 
descriptions it would hardly have been possible to achieve full clearness. Therefore the illustrations for which 
the plate 100 had been destined, have been subsequently doubled, thus forming the plates 100 A and B — a 
designation otherwise unusual in the ,,Macrolepidoptera**; we thought this augmentation of figures to be ne- 
cessary for the sake of a better orientation. 
E. tatila. This species is at once recognizable by the small projection of the margin below the apex, 
making an impression as if just below the apex a bit of the top of the wing had been cut out. The butterfly is 
dark brown with a violet — in the 9 more cyan-blue — reflection and 6—7 scattered white punctiform spots 
in the distal area of the forewing. tatila H. Schaff. (100 A a) is the smallest form lying before me, it comes 
from Cuba, has rather small, not very sharply demarcated white spots and rather dull blue reflection. — 
coerulea Godm. and Salv. (100 A a) is the form reaching from Colombia to the north through Central America 
and Mexico as far as to the Southern United States (Florida). Larger, with bright reflection and large, pro- 
nounced, and often somewhat four-cornered white spots which in the @ are so large that they almost flow 
together. — bellaria Fruhst., from Central Brazil, is said to be smaller than coerulea, of a duller violet-blue : 
and with smaller white four-cornered spots. Espiritu-Santo. Brazilian specimens are not lying before me, 
the description, however, pretty well agrees with a specimen found at the .,Chanchamayo‘. — tatilina Fruhst. 
finally, described together with a ? from the Upper Amazon, has on both surfaces more conspicuous and below 
more sharply demarcated white spots; on the under surface the apical and marginal areas contrast more 
sharply (aberrantly ?) with the more blackish discus. — tatila is not only one of the most widely spread, but 
also one of the most common butterflies of the genus, though like most of the Hunica, appearing in great 
numbers only in certain years. : 
E. maja #’. (= naeris H.-Schaff.) (100 Aa, b). It approximates the tatila, but the white spots on the 
forewings are covered with brown in the ¢ and the apex of the forewings is straightly clipped off, not cut 
out. In the 2 the white spots are large and pure white, being, however, otherwise quite brown and having 
no blue reflection whatever. Seems to be very much distributed in Central Brazil, is missing, however, in the 
immediate surroundings of Rio. 
E. concordia Hew. (100 Ab). The upper surface of this species resembles a little that of maja by the 
spots on the forewings being covered with brown scales and thereby veiled. The blue reflection likewise has 
the violet tinge and even the shape of the wings is similar to that of maja, for the apex of the forewings is 
obliquely clipped off. But the lower surface is quite different, with very bright and beautiful markings, especially 

*) These connections have even led to a union of Hunica and its homogeneous species with Crenis to a subgenus, 
called Bunicinae. Cf. Vol. XIII, p. 204. 
