eburnea. 
ingens. 
cabira. 
gerwisa. 
ninetta. 
tenebrosa, 
editha. 
carias. 
amelia. 
amycla. 
taurione. 
fasula. 
orphise. 
486 EUNICA. By Dr. A. Serrz. 
Further to the interior, this distal projection of the apical area is absent; the apical area is distally not so dis- 
tinctly delimited in black, the white band of the forewing much broader and more uniform. This form, which 
especially comes from Paraguay and was imported in great numbers several years ago, is the form figured in 
STAUDINGER’s ,,Exotic Day-Butterflies“ and called eburnea (100 Ad) by FRuHsTORFER. Specimens from 
Petropolis, from the Orgel Mountains, are again somewhat different from specimens from Paraguay; near Rio 
de Janeiro the species does not occur at all. Still further in the interior we then meet the gigantic form ingens 
form. nov. (100 A d) which lies before me from Bolivia, where it was taken at altitudes of 7 to 800 m. — Like 
most of the Hunica, margarita occurs only in certain years, is sometimes rare for a long period, till all of a sudden 
it appears in great numbers. The larva lives on Sebastiana, in its early stages it unites little pieces of leaves 
with faeces to a shelter, later on it is green with black head and white lateral stripe and rests with slightly 
raised front and back parts, the horns on the head stretched forward. The latter are rather long, slightly curved 
and furnished with single accessory spines. The lateral spines of the 4. to 10. ring are stunted to small points, 
the dorsal spines to small white warts. Pupa green, slender, with short points on the head and faint dorsal 
ridge; it is fastened to the upper surface of the leaves and raises itself towards the light. 
E. cabira (100 Aef). A very variable animal; ¢ above very dark brownish-black with faint, dull blue 
reflection being only brighter in the sun. The 99 are below and above quite similar to the gg, but from be- 
hind the costal middle of the forewings, a very oblique narrow white band runs towards the margin above the 
anal angle, the posterior part of which band dissolves in spots and is sometimes strewn with small brown grains 
of dust, especially at the margins. Under surface reddish-brown, in the apex of the forewings mixed with whitish 
shades, and with a large doubly pupilled eye below the centre of the inner margin of the hindwings. In the 
same country there occur large and small, lighter and darker, below strongly and faintly marked specimens, 
probably according to the altitude. Described from Venezuela. — Peruvian specimens with little white on the 
under surface in the apex of the forewings, very deep-black discus of the forewings and very black-marked 
under surface of the hindwings are gerwisa Fruhst. (100 Af as gervisa). They presumably differ from tenebrosa 
Salv. from Bolivia only by the latter having uniformly deep-black upper surface of the wings in the g and 
also their under surface being often so darkened that one can hardly any more recognize the characteristic 
markings —a big double-eyespot before the apex of the hindwings and an angled median line. —ninetia Fruhst. 
from Ecuador (not lying before me) has a blue reflection reaching further towards the margin on the upper 
side, less black marked under surface of the hindwings, which has a brighter violet reflection in the centre. — 
Specimens that are, like tenebrosa Salv., said to come also from Bolivia, are above a little bit lighter brown, 
especially in the distal area; they have been called editha Fruhst., but have neither below more white in the 
apex than the Peruvians, nor do they lack the violet hue of the under surface of the hindwings which has, 
however, not so pronounced black markings as gerwisa. — earias Hew. (100 Af), a common butterfly in Co- 
lombia, is so nearly allied with cabira that it is hardly to be called a particular species. Here the forewings 
are above in the distal half overflown with a bright golden-brown, their apex is below not white, but other- 
wise the under surface is similarly marked as in cabira from Venezuela. The butterflies are common, especially 
at mud-holes on the road, but local. 
E. amelia Cr. (100 Ba). This species reminds us a great deal of orphise (100 B a) on the under surface, 
but is immediately recognizable by the strangely shaped wings: the costal margin of the forewings is considerably 
shortened, therefore the margin of the wings does not run obliquely, but almost straight, and the inner margin 
is nearly as long as the costa, the hindwings are very large, too. Mereover the blue reflection is characteristic, 
being in the 3 of a magnificent ultra-marine blue and covering the whole forewing up to the apical third which 
remains black and has white fringes; on the hindwing the blne reflection is in the basal part and the distal half 
remains black, contrary to the most Eunica. amelia belongs, according to FELDER, to the group of the smaller 
amycla Godt. which, however, distinguishes itself by the median and submedian being not only. thickened, 
but expanded to a vesicle. The 2° are spotted white and have a row of beautiful eyes on the under surface 
of the hindwings. The 3 of amelia has a very conspicuous long tuft of hair before the inner margin of the hind- 
wings. 
E. taurione Hbn. (2 = marsolia Godt.) resembles a small amelia, but the blue colouring occupies the- 
whole basal two thirds of the forewings. The under surface is lighter and much less marked, especially the 
eye-markings are much less developed. Brazil and Amazon. — fasula Fruhst. are smaller 992; darker, the little 
white spots on the forewings much smaller, the black margin more extended and the submarginal row of dots 
of the hindwings more pregnant. From the Amazon. 
E. orphise Cr. (= tryphosa Hbn., castalia Hew.) (100 Ba). The ¢ is above black with a dull ultra- 
marine blue reflection in the proximal half of all the wings and grey fringes; without spots. In the ? the whole 
upper surface is of an iridesceit steel-green, the forewing is white in the apical half, otherwise spotted black. 
The under surface pretty much resembles that of amelia, the hindwings are dark ruddle-red with a violet re- 
flection; the markings are to be seen from the figure. The species seems not to be very rare and widely distri- 
buted over the northern part of South America, from Guiana to Peru. Specimens from Colombia are larger 
than those from the Upper Amazon, the blue reflection of the upper side reaches further to the margin, and the 
under surface is more variegated by violet-white and metallic bluish-grey pruina. 

