picea. 
empyrea. 
caralis. 
cam panda. 
indigopha- 
na. 
ariba. 
volumna. 
tithonia. 
intricata. 
celma. 
celmina. 
venusia. 
persephone. 
araucana. 
excelsa. 
aspasia, 
cinara. 
488 HUNICA: By Dr. A. Sxrrz. 
apex very prominent, in the 3 the upper surface black, with dull violet reflection (except the marginal area) 
and with white fringes. 2 darkbrown with oblique white band of the forewings and 2 or 3 subapical little spots 
between the band and apex. Beneath the hindwings are subdued speckled red-brown or brownish-black, over- 
powdered in white, with generally only suggested ring-chains or dentate-stripes, without sharply marked eyes 
and bands. Rather common, distributed from Colombia to Peru, but local, absent in vast districts, especially 
in the mountains. The confused markings of the under surface changes off enormously, either predominantly 
grey, or violet, brown or reddish tinged, and on the upper surface the band of the forewings of the 9 may 
be in one specimen broader, in another narrower. — In Venezuelan specimens that were separated as picea 
Fidr., as a rule, the white overpowdering of the under surface is thinner so that the markings of the rings and 
bands are still well noticeable below it. 
E. empyrea H. Schaff. (100 Bb). Above very similar to the preceding. Smaller, without the white 
fringes, the violet reflection more confined upon the costal area of the forewings. Beneath the wings are much 
more unicolorous, the hindwings not so much over-powdered, the markings, consisting of dark transverse lines, 
more distinct. Brazil. ° 
E. caralis Hew. (100 Bb). Like the preceding, larger, the upper surface with hardly distinguishable 
reflection only to be seen distinctly in the sunshine; a quite slightly lighter colour of the brownish black ground- 
colour runs bow-shaped before the apex from the costa to the middle of the distal margin. The under surface 
is rather one-coloured, the hindwing with bands of a silky gloss, on the whole little marked. From Colombia 
to Peru. — campana Fidr. is above quite similar, the ¢ above in the proximal forewing-area a little brighter 
blue and the apex of the forewing on the under surface of a stronger violet-white; beyond the silky-glossy median 
band of the under surface of the hindwings, 4 eye-rings are somewhat more distinctly prominent than in Peru- 
vian caralis; from Colombia. — indigophana Fldr. from Venezuela exhibits above still brighter blue reflection 
and is easily recognizable by the ¢ showing above as well as beneath a dark undulate-stripe before the margin. 
— ariba Fruhst. Pretty large (length of forewings 35 mm), the apex still more curved. Wings above of a deep 
dark-blue with a faint violet hue excepting the submarginal area, the latter hght brown, with a faint gloss and 
a row of blackish-brown. rudimentary, only partially coherent punctiform spots. Hindwings beneath greyish- 
violet, basal region greyish-reddish, slightly glossy with diffuse narrow median bands, otherwise without mar- 
kings. Probably from the Amazon; described according to 1 3; unknown to me. 
E. volumna Godt. A group of partly interosculating forms of butterflies. The most common of them 
is tithonia Fidr. from Bahia where the ¢ are in some years rather common. On the upper surface the 3 shows 
only before the hindwing-margin a narrow iridescent stripe, the dull-blue iridescent 9° a white oblique band 
which is downwards reduced in width. The under surface is distinguished by very variegated colouring, espe- 
cially blue forewing-cell which is black only at and before the end. The typical volumna probably hardly differing 
from it, was presumed from the environs of Rio de Janeiro, but it is not likely that another Hunica occurs 
there beside alemene and mygdonia. — intricata Fruhst. from Blumenau in St. Catharina has the iridescent 
‘band of the hindwings as thin as a thread, the hindwings are beneath grey, along the zig-zag bands with a 
greenish hue. The median and submarginal transverse lines are sharply and several times broken. Between 
them a doubly-pupilled upper eyespot and a double lower eyespot. — celma Hew. (100 Bc) is above almost 
entirely like tithonia, but the forewings have below black ground-colour with very metallic blue embedding, 
and the hindwings are very much lighter only before the distal margin; the blue ante-marginal stripe of the 
upper surface of the hindwings is quite narrow in the 3; Amazon. — The name of celmina Fruhst. was founded 
upon a single g from Scapi in Bolivia which shows above a light greyish-blue submarginal band of the hind- 
wings and beneath smaller ocelli. 
E. venusia Fldr. (100 Bc). The 2 quite similar to the preceding, but the g distinguished by a very 
broad, intensely radiant blue-iridescent spot becoming visible before the margin of the hindwing in certain 
light; Colombia. — persephone Fidr. likewise exhibits this radiant spot of the g, but upon it there are black 
spots, and on the under surface the eyes of the hindwings and the discal spots of the forewings are larger; like- 
wise from Colombia. 
E. araucana Fldr. This form entirely resembles the figured excelsa Salv. and Godm. (100 Be, d), but 
the under surface is still more unicolorous and duller, and the blue reflection of the g duller, too. The 
latter is in excelsa of almost just as magnificent brightness as in venusia, from which eacelsa, however, immedia- 
tely distinguishes itself by the margin of the forewings projecting less angled below the apex and by the much 
less variegated under surface which, on the forewing, lacks the beautiful blue distinguishing the volumna-, celma- 
and venusia-group; the excelsa-2, however, has in the forewing-discus on the upper surface a blue reflection 
(being, individually, developed very differently), in which we notice a white oblique bamd consisting of 3 se- 
parated spots. excelsa occurs on the Chiriqui in Panama and in scarcely differing specinllins in Colombia where 
Fasst took them at the Rio-Songo. — aspasia Fldr. with above very brightly iridescent discus of the forewing, 
from Keuador, is larger and forms a right transition to the following form Z. cinara. 
E. cinara Hew. (100 Bd). Very approximate to aspasia and excelsa, but differing from excelsa by the g 
exhibiting, before the margin of the hindwings, not a bright, but quite dull blue reflection; the light spots on 
the under surface of the forewings are not pure white like in eacelsa, but tarnished greyish-brown, and in the 9 
