carmen. 
agacles. 
core. 
maeon. 
athemon. 
504 DYNAMINE. By J. RoézeR. 
C. Neither with reflection, nor with green band of the forewing. 
C. carmen Gwen. Shape and contour of candrena (102 B g). Wings with blue basal spot, of the same 
shape, but smalt on the forewings, with a green web above it changing with deep green on the wings; fore- 
wings with interrupted fringes, with a fine subterminal line of pale green, anteriorly brightened by white; 
hindwings with broad, very distinct subterminal band of greenish-blue changing off with golden-green. The 
markings of the under surface are very distinct on all the 4 wings. Hindwings of somewhat dingy-white, the 
eights pretty much like in candrena, the anterior ,,eight‘‘ without dots and connected with the third line 
by 2 black veiny streaks; red margin fine, but indistinctly broadened between the ,,eight‘‘ and the third 
line. Under surface of the forewings bright carmine, delimited by a rounded black band being proximally 
dentate. Apex with a green streak between the two white lines. Brazil. 
46. Genus: Dynamine Zon. 
This genus belongs to the series of forms of Limenitis what is proved not only by the structure of the 
butterfly, but also by the shape of the larva and pupa. We have placed it here, because the great works on 
exotics (such as STAUDINGER-SCHATZ, GODMAN-SALVIN), according to which the museums and collections are 
mostly arranged, have placed it immediately after the Callicore; KirBy’s Catalogue has the same arrangement. 
Two groups are distinguished by the veins, being also characterized by their exterior, but connected with 
each other by intermediary forms. From the other genera of the Limenitis-group, Dynamine differs by the 
small size and, in the veins, by the 3. subcostal vein not running into the apex of the wing, but into the costal 
margin; the 4. subcostal vein runs into the apex of the wing and the fifth into the distal margin. In one 
part of the species the sexes are very similar to each other, in the other part, however, they differ greatly 
above. The larvae also show the general type of the larvae of the Limenitis-group, though they are more broad 
than cylindrical, and the spines on the head are absent, what is easily explained by the habits of the larvae 
preponderantly feeding on the pollen of the blossoms and inflorescences of Dalechampia; when penetrating 
into the blossoms or buds with the head and the prothorax, spines or any similar formations at the head and 
prothorax would only be an impediment. The spines of the body are transformed into short cones bearing 
knobbed or plain bristles. The pupa resembles very much that of Limenitis. About 50 species of this genus are 
spread all over the tropical parts of America, although their proper habitat is in the valley of the Amazon- 
River where nearly 30 species are to be found. The habits of the butterflies totally agree with those of the 
Adelpha-species being the typical representatives of the Limenitis-group in South America. According to 
P. Haunet the butterflies fly on the banks of rivers as well as in the neighbourhood of human habitations and 
in plantations, and are easily attracted by baits. When taken in the net by the collector, they display a very 
excited, timid behaviour. According to A. Serrz the Dynamine-species have an elegant flight except the white 
species having a peculiar jerking zigzag-flight whereby they differ from the exteriorly similar N ymphidiwm- 
species (Hrycinidae). They mostly fly in double a man’s height, preferring shady roads in the woods and like to 
rest on wet places of the soil. According to a letter from Mr. A. H. Fasst nearly all the species fly at an 
altitude below 1000 m; the butterflies rest on wet places of the soil, but also on hedges and blossoming bushes 
where also the 99 fly. The flight is similar to that of Adelpha and Pyrrhogyra, i. e. rather quiet, similar to 
that of Melitae. — By the colouring of the upper surface two groups may be distinguished: species with a 
white upper surface in both the sexes, and such with variegated upper surface of the gg, the latter group, 
according to the markings of the under surface, being subdivided into species with eye-spots and into such 
without. 
A. Upper surface white. 
D. agacles Dalm. (101 Aa) from Southern Brazil has above and beneath nearly the same markings 
save that on the under surface the white markings in the dark margins are larger, and in the anterior 
part of the forewings there are verdigris markings. — core subsp. nov. from Colombia (Cauca Valley), presumably 
occurring also in Venezuela and Central America, has above and beneath narrower black bands with less 
white markings, and less verdigris colouring on the under surface. 
D. maeon Dbl. and Hew. (101 Aa) from Brazil is rather large, has broad margin of the hindwings, 
divided by a white line, and a black median band of the hindwings. The 3 has greenish-blue gloss on the 
basal area of the forewings, the 2 being without it. 
D. athemon ZL. (101 Aa) from Brazil is a little larger still than maeon from which it also differs by 
a broad white line of partition of the black distal margin of the hindwings as well as by the black median 
