ADELPHA. By H. Fruustorrer. 511 
sometimes with very long hairs, occasionally also only with short bristles, the basal or subbasal cone always 
with bristles or warts, armed. 
The larvae of Adelpha, as far as they have become known, generally resemble the larvae of Limenitis; 
some have besides branched spines, in others they are altered into short hairy caruncular cones. The head 
is set with short spines. The pupae are, according to Dr. W. Mi.urer of a peculiar shape, with 2 horns 
on the head and broad wing-edges, mostly of brown colour with more or less metallic lustre. 
According to Micwarn, Adelpha like to rest on leaves or on the soil with their wings spread out. being 
the most common Nymphalidae that enliven the forests in the most conspicuous manner. 
The floating way with which the Adelpha fly, according to Dr. Haunet, is one of the most elegant 
forms of motion, jerking only little with somewhat convex wings and still easily descending from the height 
and reascending just as easily. They never fly, however, for a long time, but continually settle down for 
a short rest on the leaves high up in order to fly then again over to a neighbouring twig. 
On the Upper Amazon, some species of Adelpha are in the habit of widely spreading their wings when 
at rest, and this behaviour is imitated by Megalura, small Erycinidae and Hesperidae, while some Papilio- 
species with which they are always found together, such as lycidas, varus, crassus, and sesostris are sharply 
contrasting with them by their dark exterior and closed wings. 
Adelpha are constant frequenters of the crowds of day-butterflies meeting day by day at the banks 
and gathering down from the twigs at a very sunny spot, in the midst of Hunica and Megalura. They 
also came to the fecal bait placed on leaves by Dr. HauneEt near Pebas, together with Pyrrhogyra and Temenis. 
Dr. Hawyet once also observed an Adelpha near Obidos coming frequently to a banana-bait prepared 
by him. It was, however, constantly ambushed by a greedy lizard which in spite of its clumsy feet rushed 
furiously towards the Adelpha. The butterfly made its escape by flying high up and settled on a leaf. But 
whenever, after some time, it was enticed by the deceptive bait and flew down again, the enemy made a 
new attack. This having recurred frequently for about 10 times, the lizard at last gave up molesting any further 
the Adelpha which had gained quite an agility by this experience. 
Little is known of the vertical distribution; the Adelpha are, however, preponderantly inhabitants 
of the plains. Some species are, nevertheless, entirely alpine, so e. g. olynthia occurring in Colombia up 
to an altitude of 2500 m and being never met below 2000 m. One species was yet observed at an altitude of 
2800 m on the volcano Irazu in Costa Rica. In Bolivia A. aricia is, according to Mr. Fasst, the highest- 
flying species living in the same altitudes. The Adelpha called ,,sisters‘‘ by the Americans, are spread uninter- 
ruptedly from Mexico to southern Bolivia and at the Atlantic coast we meet them from the West Indies 
(Trinidad) to the southern parts of Brazil. The Central American region with 31 species is especially abun- 
dant, on the Amazon there are 13 species found, in Rio Grande do Sul about 7. The fauna of the Andes 
is most peculiar. 
Two groups of species which were noticed first by FrLtpmr: cell of the forewings short = Adelpha 
Hbn.; cell of the forewings elongate = Heterochroa Bsd. *). 
-A) Group of Species Adelpha. 
a) Only one subcostal vein before the cell-end. 
A. isis. Easily recognizable by a red oblique band on the forewings which varies also in extent 
especially in the 2 according to the locality. The species is confined upon Central and Southern Brazil, 
everywhere very rare. If we consider specimens from Rio de Janeiro to be typical (isis Drury), the luxuriant 
race from Espiritu Santo with entirely red forewing-cell may be separated as divina Fruhst. divina is espe- 
cially conspicuous by an elongate red basal spot of about 1 cm width, above the submedian of the fore- 
wings. This red spot is absent in the form from Rio as well as in the distinct race occupying Sa. Catharina 
and described as pseudagrias Fruhst. (108f as isis). pseudagrias is characterized by the red _ subapical 
transverse band of the forewings being strongly narrowed, and instead of three reddish transverse bands we 
notice in the cell of the forewing of the 3 only a red round dot. This dot is also present in the 2, but above 
it there lies yet a rudimentary band. pseudagrias thus presents itself as a melanotic form of the lighter 
races of the more northern districts of Brazil reminding us thereby of the likewise dark Agrias claudiana Stgr. 
from Sa. Catharina which also differs by its reduced red colour from the lighter and more richly coloured 
Agrias claudina Godt. (= anetta Gray) occurring in Rio de Janeiro. Clasping organs characterized by the 
valve with extremely long bristles and the beautiful contour. A broad base is followed by a cylindrical distal 
part being ventrally distinctly dentate. The dorsal appendage irregular, tapering off considerably towards 
above. Point of the uncus ventrally thickened. 

*) Anatomicaliy there are also 2 series of species distinguishable. They, however, do not agree with those based upon 
the structure. Group A) with clunicula, a dorsal appendage of the valve. B) without clunicula; comprising but few, though 
the most magnificent species of the genus. : 
isis. 
divina. 
pseudagri- 
as. 
