534 LIMENITIS. By Dr. A. Serrz. 
californica. band. The typical bredowi of HtUByur flies from Arizona through Mexico to Guatemala. — californica Biélr. 
(109 f) is a species differing from bredowi by less violet coloured under surface, especially the bright violettish- 
grey bordering of Arizona-specimens is at the distal margin of the median band on the hindwing narrower, 
more subdued and often interrupted. The larva is said to live on oak-trees, according to EpwaRDs. 
lorquinii. L. lorquinii Bsd. (109d). Similar to the preceding as to the arrangement on colours, but the apical 
reddish-yellow does not form an isolated spot, but covers the apex itself; the white median band broader. — 
The larva pretty much resembles that of wetdemeyert; on the second thoracal ring there are two appendages. 
It seems to live on different trees. HoLLAND mentions Prunus demissa, according to EpwaARDs it lives on Quercus, 
while BEHR says that the butterfly is frequently found where Salix is growing on which it lives; there is, fur- 
thermore, also the poplar-tree mentioned. The butterfly inhabits the Western United States, especially Cali- 
cavesi. fornia, being according to BEHR in some places common and easy to capture. — eavesi Hy. Hdw. is a form 
occurring in California among typical specimens. 
aslyanan. L. astyanax F. (= ephestion Stoll, ursula Godt.) (109 e). Is often easily mixed up with the similar 
form proserpina of artemis. The under surface like in the latter form, but without any traces of the white band. 
Above black, in the distal part of the hindwings of a bright metallic blue. Distal margin and apex of the fore- 
wings with small white, often also orange spots. — Egg green, the network very strong and the small spines 
on the nods strong and pointed. Larva, when grown-up, whitish, greenish or brownish, on the second ring 
2 branched and thickened spines, and with incrassations on the back of the second and the last abdominal rings; 
on oak-, willow-, lime- and cherry-trees, gooseberries and bilberries etc. Pupa with rounded, but very much 
projecting head and rather thick yellowish-brown dorsal securiform appendage; anterior part yellowish-brown 
with darker wing-partitions, abdominal part of a dull white; it is on the whole more slender and anteriorly 
darker than that of arthemis. The butterfly does not nearly vary so much as arthemis; of course, the blue of 
cucrulea. the hindwings may be very much increased and be occasionally extended on the forewings (ab. caerulea Hhm.). 
By the atavistic occurrence of a white band there may also result great likeness with LZ. arthemis. Such speci- 
albojasciata. mens form the ab. albofasciata Newcomb. The species is rather common in many parts of North America, and 
the 92° may attain an enormous size. The range extends from the Atlantic Coast to the Rocky Mountains, 
and from Southern Canada to Arizona. To the south of this range, in Mexico, the animal appears then again 
in insular habitats, but very rarely seems to occur there. These specimens inhabiting the southernmost range, 
arizonensis. arizonensis Hdw., differ from the northern specimens by a brighter bluish lustre on the under surface and by 
the absence of the small white spots at the apex of the forewings. The form thereby approximates in the aspect 
of the upper surface still more the Vanessa cyanomelas (93 f), likewise flying in the Mexican mountains, and 
is presumably just like them to be considered a superficial copy of the patented Papilio from the belus-group, 
many forms of which (such as chalcews) are likewise black and posteriorly of a metallic green glimmer, inhabiting 
the Mexican mountains; the more northern form, however, with white spots before the margin of the fore- 
wing, joins the type of colouring of Papilio philenor, being also imitated by some forms in other groups of 
é butterflies (Argynnis diana-9 , Papilio troilus, glaucus etc.). 
archippus. L. archippus Cr. (= PRs Godt.) (109 f). Imitates Danais plexippus L. (Vol. I, table 28 ¢) and has, 
therefore, an appearance entirely different from astyanax. Reddish-yellow with black, white-spotted margins 
and dark veins. The mimicry also extends as far as the under surface, and as an essential difference in the 
marking there remains only a curved post -median line on the upper surface of the hindwi ings, which is, however, 
very differ ently developed, being sometimes black and thick, sometimes only indicated. It i is missing altogether 
pseudodo- in the form ab. pseudodorippus Streck. From Southern Canada and British Colombia to the South of the United 
Dares States. — hulsti Hdw. (109 f) exhibits greatly diminished black markings, as well as the obsoleta Hdw., being 
obsoleta. hardly different and still lighter in the yellow tinge of the upper surface, appearing more as mimic of Dan. 
floridensis verenice (31 a). It occurs more in the West of the United States, in Utah and Arizona. — floridensis Streck. 
(= eros Hdw.) is the south-eastern form, from the Golf States; it differs from typical archippus chiefly by the 
dark reddish-brown colouring of the upper surface and is therefore probably often considered a species of its 
own, because the larva is said to have longer horns on the second ring. — Egg bright green, almost spherical, 
larva whitish, with a dull green or leaden grey tinge and with dirty-yellow or green shades, venter and feet dar- - 
ker brown or olive. The second abdominal ring is thickened, whereby the dorsal securiform appendage of the 
pupae is already indicated. The pupa itself greatly resembles that of astyanax, somewhat more slightly built 
and of a duller colouring. The larva lives especially on poplar- and willow-trees, the butterfly is not rare. — The 
Species approximates astyanax much more than we might suppose, owing to the totally different appearance 
(being the result of the difference of the models); this near alliance is proved by the larvae, pupae, the habits 
and observations of hybrids of the two species. 



B. Non-mimetic species. 
PRECEDES L. weidemeyeri Ldw. (109 e). Above black with white postmedian band, behind which there is a row 
" of white dots and, on the forewing, a white subapical demi-band. On the under surface of the hindwings the 
basal half is divided into a great number of yellowish-grey cells by numerous black transverse streaks. In the 
normal specimen the white banal is in both the sexes rather of the same width, but it may also be aberratively 
sinefascia. reduced (= ab. sinefascia Hdw.). — Larva whitish with green shades and spots, the ventral surface, as far as 
