rectifascia. 
livia. 
infirma. 
lirissa 
ewilita. 
livides. 
astricta. 
joni. 
procilla. 
536 PANACEA. By Dr. A. Serrz. 
its horns on the head are more curved than in the allied genera. The pupa with hare’s ears at the head which 
are somewhat shorter and broader than in Ageronia. The butterflies are met either resting on trunks or lying 
on them in spirals. Contrary to the Ageronia they seem not to be able to rattle, at least I have never heard 
them making a noise. The range extends over the whole warmer distritcs of South America from Nicaragua 
to-Southern Brazil and Paraguay. The forms of this genus are very nearly allied to each other, and as the 
older descriptions are inaccurate and the habitat is often not mentioned, the relations of the older names 
to the forms that are known now, are not always traceable. 
N. rectifascia Bilr. and Dr. (? = lirina Fidr., erycinoides Fidr.) (103 a). This northernmost species 
distributed across the whole southern part of Central America from Nicaragua to Panama, is at once recogni- 
zable by the relatively narrow, interiorly always smoothly cut off oblique band of the forewing. The ground- 
colour of the wings is rather light nut-brown without any metal lustre. 
A. liria F. (103 a). This species appears to me to represent the Venezuelan form probably also flying 
in Guiana. The oblique band is as broad again, ending broad over the inner-angle in the margin; the under 
surface is much lighter, the upper surface shows in the sun unnoticeable, though subdued and dull violet reflec- 
tion, — infirma Fruhst. flies further to the south (Bahia); it has conspicuously light drab ground-colour and 
the white band of the forewing is broader. — lirissa Godt. (103a,b) is the South Brazilian form; the 
band is gnawed out at the margins and its lower part sometimes exhibits dark ocelli or ringlets (= ab. exilita 
Fruhst.); the upper surface is rather dark and is somewhat lustrous in the sunshine, but without a real blue 
gloss. — In lirides Stgr. (103 b) from the Upper Amazon, the dark marking of the upper surface little contrasts 
with the sombre ground-colour, and the rather smoothly edged band of the forewing terminates very broadly 
on the lower median vein; the under surface more drab than yellowish-brown and with insignificant markings. — 
astricta Fruhst. from Peru exhibits above in both the sexes blue gloss, and the white oblique band of the fore- 
wings terminates into a kind of a cone owing to deep indenture; the black bands darker and placed more 
vertically. — Larva on Dalechampia; pupa brown with pale spots; beginning from ring 5 a light dorsal stripe. 
The butterflies are mostly common at clearings in the woods; when being chased away from a trunk, they 
generally fly in a straight flight to the nearest trunk, evidently showing a slight similarity in the flight with 
the 2 of Emesis fastidiosa; the latter, however, never rests on the trunks of trees, but on the under surface 
of the leaves. 
D. jona Hew. At once noticeable by the more considerable size and the oblique band being dissolved 
into single white spots. The 3 has a brighter blue gloss. From Peru to the Lower Amazon; seems to be rarer. 
52. Genus: Panacea VS. and G. 
These butterflies usually exhibit on the upper surface green bands with metallic lustre, representing 
in the basal part of the hindwings a complicated parallel stream, being then terminated by a coherent metal- 
band. Like in the Ageronia to which the genus is evidently closely allied *), the under surface may be hemo- 
chrome or also dull-coloured. The genus was formerly confounded with the following Batesia, but the only 
species forming the latter genus differs so considerably that it better remains separated. In Batesia the upper 
radial of the forewing forms a curve being downwards concave, upwards convex, being thus just the reverse 
of the lowest radial, so that both are divergent anteriorly and posteriorly and approaching each other 
in the middle, while the second radial passes through in the midst between the two. In this way about the 
following strange figure is formed: =, being the more conspicuous, as it stands in an enormous hemochrome 
spot. In the Panacea the course of the radials is normal, nearly parallel; the forewings are here also much 
more pointed, their distal margin centrally drawn in ete. We do not know anything about the early stages; 
the butterflies are fond of the mountains, are in some parts common and have similar habits as the Age- 
ronia. The single species vary extremely, but less geographically than individually, and to such an extent that 
almost all the species are connected with each other by certain transitions. The under surface of the apex is 
either hemochrome or black or yellow, the hindwings are sometimes marked with diffuse spots beneath, with 
lines, or figures, or even not marked at all. 
P. procilla Hew. (103 c) is the species which beside prola being scarlet beneath comes the most frequently 
to us. It has beneath black forewings with reddish-brown or dark greyish-brown apical part being cut off by 
a white oblique band; the cellule is striped brown or blue, the hindwings are of a reddish-brown, marked in - 
black. In Colombia, not rare, common in the so-called ,,Bogota-Collections‘‘. A. H. Fasst has made some 
observations abont their habits. According to him the egg is very small, like that of Satyrus briseis, like a ball, 
somewhat tapering towards the upper pole, the smooth base oblate. The sides bear 12 vertical indentations 
terminating shortly before the top into projecting tips like calyces. The colour of the egg is reddish-brown. 
— procilla, in many places of Colombia at altitudes between 4 and 1200 m, belongs to the more frequently 
occurring butterflies. While the 3 often drinks in numbers from the excrements of the roads in the primeval 
forests, the large © differing considerably especially beneath, is a great rarity. procilla-33 (as well as other 
Panacea- and Peridromia-species) when being disturbed in their meal, usually fly as far as to the neighbouring 
trunk of a tree in order to rest sitting there in wait, mostly in considerable height with their wings spread 
out and their heads downwards, until the intruder has passed by, whereupon they return to the very same 
*) It forms a transition to the Charaxidi. 
