Publ. 18. IV. 1916. CHLORIPPE. By J. Roser. 545 
the costal margin of the hindwings. Inner margin of the forewings with red stripes. Surinam, Guiana. — 
palliolata form. nov. was discovered near Obidos on the Lower Amazon. I only possess yet 99 with somewhat 
broader white area of the forewings than we figure it 104a. Costal part of the upper surface of the hind- 
wings without any traces of ruby-red spots, the hindwings being beneath without red basal streaks. — thearida 
subsp. nov. (104 b as thearidas) is a geographical race of an enormous size of the wings, with more extensive 
and lighter blue spots of the upper surface. The red spotting of the under surface more prominent than in 
Obidos-specimens. Peru (Pozzuzo), type in the Coll. FrRunstToRFER; Bolivia. 
A. velutina Bates equals thearida Fruhst. (104b) in size. Upper surface darker, of a more intense 
steel-blue reflection and with smaller turquoise-blue spots. Area of the androconium of the hindwings black, 
with brown periphery. Under surface of a steel-blue lustre, with the exception of a dull black costal spot at 
the cell-apex and of the median friction area. Hindwings just the same, though set with 6 ruby-red, sub- 
terminal intermedian maculae. Rare, Upper Amazon. 
A. arete, a relatively common species, replaces A. arethusa in Central and South Brazil, as well as in 
Paraguay. The turquoise-coloured spots of the upper surface somewhat bluer, the oblique band of the 9 nar- 
rower than in arethusa, the androconium of the hindwings narrower, preponderantly of a greyish black, the 
friction spot of the under surface of the forewings not like in arethusa proceeding beyond the posterior median. 
2 always with three light ruby-red costal spots of the hindwings. Under surface of the ¢¢ black with a grey 
brightening distal from the cell-apex and the rudiments of a blue transverse band standing in a steel-blue median 
area of the forewings. Q at the same place with a white band, hindwings with three red basal spots as in are- 
thusa, and 6 red antemarginal spots varying in size according to the locality. — ortygia subsp. nov. Habitus 
smaller than that of arete. 3 beneath with obsolete red basal and submarginal dots of the hindwings. 2: white 
oblique band of the forewings of a purer white and especially distally much more extensive than in arete and 
alpheios. Hindwing above more neatly speckled in blue. Under surface: the submarginal row of red maculae 
extends from the anal angle to the costal margin, while in arete and alpheios it terminates already between 
the inner margin and the anterior median. Bahia. — arete Dbd/. according to von BoENNINGHAUSEN occurs 
frequently near Rio de Janeiro and Petropolis. Under surface of the 9 with paler and larger red antemarginal 
spots than in alpheios. The territorial form from Paraguay and Southern Brazil is introduced here as alpheios 
subsp. nov. (104a). The white oblique band of the 99 narrowed, divided into its single parts by broader 
black veins. The submarginal red dots of the under surface especially in the Paraguay-form considerably redu- 
ced in size. — The larva of Ageronia arete alpheios bears 2 stiffly projecting horns on the head, furthermore 
3 pair of longer and apparently 4 pair of shorter spines on the central segments. The pupa’s long horns are 
running parallel, contrary to A. amphinome .aegina Fruhst. 
L. Group Apaturidi. 
This group has yery nearly the rank of a subfamily. The geographical range has been dealt with in Vol. I. 
p. 160; as for the more detailed characterization cf. Vol. IX. p. 695. In the Ethiopian fauna there are eventually the 
Apaturopsis (likewise with open wing-cell), which might be nearly allied to the Apaturidi. This genus, however, contains 
such rare species that nothing at all is known about the larvae and but very little about the butterflies. — In order to 
characterize once more quite shortly the principal peculiarities of the Apaturidi, we mention that the butterflies are excellent 
fliers, having open wing-cells, the larvae being rough, but without spines, instead of which they have posteriorly two points 
and at the head two protuberances that may be developed either as straight or bent horns, or as secondarily branched, 
small clubs, or as antlers, or as leaves being ramous at the margin; the pupa is laterally compact, with a distinct dorsal 
carina, generally consisting as if of green opaque glass; it is mostly fastened to a leaf or stalk and generally needs but 
a short time for its development. The butterflies are fond of the woods on the broad roads of which they fly up and down, 
taking their food; they shun treeless, cultivated districts. The chief nourishment of the larva seems to consist of tree-like 
Urticaceae, such as beltis, and where they do not occur anymore, of poplars or willows. The g¢¢ often exhibit the blue 
reflection which varies according to the exposure, and to which the group owes the denominations: reflecting-buttertflies, 
changeant etc. (A. SEITZ.) 
55. Genus: Chlorippe Bsd. 
The American reflecting-butterflies are distributed from Mexico and the Antilles to Argentina. They 
partly have a more magnificent blue reflection than the palaearctic reflecting-butterflies (Apatura), there even 
occurs a marvellous green reflection; in another part the reflection is more unobtrusive and in some species 
it is absent altogether. The Chlorippe-33 are partly very common, while their 29 are just as rarely observed 
or even unknown. The American reflecting-butterflies often differ from their palaearctic allies in their 
exterior by cornered forewings and long-stretched hindwings, being sometimes provided with pretty long caudi- 
form points. As to the veins there is no constant difference from the palaearctic species. A slight difference 
in the structure of the body is exhibited by the broadened forelegs of the gg. Chlorippe is therefore also 
often considered only a subgenus of Apatura. The larvae of the Brazilian selina, lawretta and kallina greatly 
resemble those of the European reflecting-butterflies and have the same habit of resting on the upper surface 
of the leaves, while their pupae have larger 4nd smaller points and dents on their back and are, therefore, of 
a rather odd shape. The larvae, as much as is known, live on Celtis. — According to H. FRuuSTORFER 
(i. L.), the clasping-organs of the outer male genitals have the broad valve of the Apatwra-group, but the saccus 
as well as the penis are shorter than in the other forms of this group. The uncus is, about like in the Ageronia, 
V 69 
palliolata. 
thearida. 
velulina. 
ortygia. 
arete. 
alpheios. 
