licomedes. 
scyrus. 
chiliarches. 
chromus. 
ochracea. 
wenarchus. 
fassli. 
priene. 
synchroma. 
558 PREPONA. By H. FRUHSTORFER. 
P. licomedes exhibits above 3 transcellular blue spots and a relatively light, bright-glossy, com- 
pact blue region resembling rather P. pheridames (112 a). We have to record only two areal forms; specimens 
of the Andine region differ only by the increased brown spotting of the under surface. — licomedes Cr. (111 d), 
first described from Surinam, but occurring in the whole Amazon district. MicHaEL writes about its habits: 
.,The licomedes fly very swiftly and skilfully, but like to rest often on especially conspicuous trunks of trees, 
always with their heads downwards. As soon as any other butterfly dares to approach them, they dash at 
it, pursuing it in the most pertinaceous way, whereupon they use to return to their former place and, in 
case it is already occupied by another butterfly, they chase away the intruder. In Itaituba I saw every day, 
at an especially adapted place, a specimen of pheridamas in a damaged condition. I caught it and, after 
having marked its wings, I let it fly away again, and then I observed this animal for two months day by 
day, and also repeatedly caught it again in order to ascertain whether it was the right one. Finally, one day, 
I missed it, after having at last been flying off already in such a condition that it would have been difficult 
to ascertain the species.‘* — seyrus subsp. nov. denominates the race from the chain of the Andes, being of 
a more conspicuous habitus and beneath more richly decorated in brown and more prominently marked, with 
the type from Peru, where scyrus is not rare near Pozzuzo. There are also specimens lying before me from the 
Bolivian lowlands and Fasst took congruent specimens on the Upper Rio Negro in 800 m; appendage of the 
uncus of a most conspicuous shape, with a frontal indenture, generally resembling a minute vexil. Valve distally 
very much tapering, similarly to that of P. demophon. 
P. chromus, a species peculiar of the Andine region, going only over to Venezuela in.the west. It is 
the only species with entirely black upper surface of the forewings. The chain of ocelli on the hindwings is 
very variable, and the size of the ochre-yellow rings seems to increase from north to south so that Bolivian 
specimens are decorated the most profusely on the upper surface. Larva discovered by Fassst and described 
in the diagnosis of the genus. — chiliarehes subsp. nov. excels Colombian specimens in size. The blue area of 
the hindwings is somewhat lighter, decidedly narrower and longer. The eye-spots of the hindwings almost 
without a diaphanous ochreous periphery. The distal part of the under surface of both the wings preponderantly 
grey instead of brown, the median band with its silvery gloss and the greyish-white dusting on the hindwings 
and the whitish-grey clouding on the forewings more extensive. Venezuela. — chromus Guér. (= hercules 
Dol.) from Colombia has the smallest blue discal spot on the upper surface of the hindwings and the lightest 
grey basal zone of the under surface. Both the wings resemble beneath P. synchroma (114 a) the most. The 
very rare 9 has two forms: the one similar a 3 without the blue fragmentary bands of the forewings and 
the intensely ochre-yellow ringleted ocelli of the hindwings; and fa. ochracea Fass/ with accumulations of 
light brown scales beginning in the anal angle of the forewings and advancing about as far as to the wing- 
centre. It was found in the Cafion del Tolima (Central Cordilleras, about 1700 m). Male specimens from Ecuador 
are larger than the Colombian ones and already form a transition to xenarchus subsp. nov. with the nomen- 
clutaral type from Pozzuzo (Peru). Forewing more pointed, hindwing likewise longer than in chromus. The 
blue discal spot anally more extensive. Under surface with less markings and colours. Basal zone of a lighter 
grey, distal half preponderantly greenish-grey, without prominent brown clouds. Instead of a broad brown 
median band only a greenish stripe. — fassli Rdb. (112 a as chromus), the Bolivian local form, beneath some- 
what more variegated than wenarchus, approaching more the Ecuador form. The white median band of the 
hindwings, like in xenarchus, confined upon a fragment, reaching but the subcostal. Valve more slender than 
in P. chalciope. Uncus characteristic by two unciform appendages curved downwards. 
P. priene resembles P. chromus above, the forewings, however, exhibit again the usual magnifi- 
cent band, but no blue subapical spots. Wings narrower than in chromus, apex of the forewings not prominent. 
Under surface, according to the locality, with or without whitish or yellowish parts in the distal area of both 
the wings. — priene Hew. resembles above synchroma (114 a) from which it differs by a darker under surface. 
The submarginal band being distinct in synchroma is hardly indicated. Of the ocelli on the hindwings only 
the two anal ones are blue-pupilled. Colombia, very rare, only 1 3 in the Coll. FRuHSTORFER. — synchroma 
Stgr. (114 a) is said to originate from Blumenau in Santa Catharina, but the form has not been found there 
anymore since 30 years. I, therefore, presume that the locality has been mistaken, and should much rather 
consider the Andine region to be its habitat. The direction of the variation corresponds exactly to that of P. 
chromus xenarchus, so that P. synchroma has presumably come from Peru and may be expected again from 
there. This supposition is supported by the presence of a g¢ from Huancabamba (Peru) in the Coll. Fass having 
the blue reflection of the forewings already indicated in its beginnings or rudiments. 
Section Prepona Bsd. Scent-tuft of the hindwings yellow. 
P. pylene is an interesting, most variable species, greatly inclined to forming local races, of Central 
and Southern Brazil. Its scent-tufts do not always stay jet-black, but occasionally they are coloured in grey, 
reddish and sometimes almost yellowish, by which it forms a transition from the P. demophon-group to the 
aa 
