52 DESCRIPTION OF THE SKELETON. 



two condyloid projections. It measures three inches in length, and eight 

 in circumference. The corresponding phalanx of the second toe has much 

 the same form ; that of the fourth is more flattened. The fifth is smaller 

 and less regular. 



The second phalanges (Plates XIII. and XIY. M) in the second, third, 

 fourth, and fifth toes, have about the same size and form with each other ; 

 they are all flattened at their proximal extremities, and have faintly indi- 

 cated condyloid surfaces at their distal. That of the middle toe measures 

 two inches and a half across, six and a half in circumference, and one from 

 behind forwards. 



The great toe, it has already been said, has only one digital phalanx. 

 This is a short bone, of a rounded • form, with an upper flat surface for the 

 metatarsal bone, and a lower round surface for the terminal bone, or horny 

 nail. The inferior surface is large, rounded, and smooth, as if adapted to 

 another. The bone is an inch and a quarter longj and six and a half in 

 circumference. 



" The bones of the third range being altogether wanting, the existence 

 of this phalanx can be established only by other considerations. These 

 are, first, that some terminal phalanges of the elephant are in our possession. 

 Second, that the distal extremity of the second phalanx has the smoothness 

 of an articulating surface in the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes. In 

 the three latter, there has been undoubtedly a small third terminal bone, 

 transversely oblong, as in the elephant. In the first toe, no second phalanx 

 is admitted by Camper and other anatomists in the latter animal ; nor have 

 I ever seen one. Yet the appearance of the anterior extremity of this first 

 bone of the great toe affords reason to believe, that a second phalanx may 

 exist in the elephant and in the Mastodon ; that in the former it is 



