ODONTOGRAPHY. 59 



are existing seven teeth and one open socket, from which the tooth has been 

 recently dismissed. Two teeth are in full operation on each side of the 

 upper jaw ; two on one side of the lower jaw, and one on the other. In 

 the upper jaw, the anterior tooth on the right side measures three inches 

 and three quarters in length ; its ridges are eight in number. The posterior 

 tooth is partly in place, but principally included in the bony socket ; the 

 part in place is four inches long, and contains three ridges and a half; 

 the remaining portion of the tooth is of great extent, and measures, with the 

 preceding, fourteen inches. 



On the right side of the lower jaw are two teeth : the anterior measures 

 two inches only, and is, of course, near being shed ; the posterior is nine 

 inches long by three wide. A large part of the last tooth is undoubtedly 

 concealed in the solid bone, by which it is covered. On the left side is a 

 toothless socket, partly filled up by bone, and measuring two inches and 

 a half square. Behind this is another tooth, of nearly the same dimensions 

 with the corresponding one of the opposite side ; sixteen ridges of it are 

 visible, the remainder being concealed in the bone of the jaw. 



The anterior portions, in each of the jaws of this elephant, are the 

 remains of the fourth tooth, and are, in the lower jaw, nearly replaced by 

 the fifth ; but in the upper the change is less considerable, the useful part 

 being rather greater in the anterior than in the posterior teeth. When, 

 in the living animal, these anterior teeth are wholly displaced, and the 

 posterior occupy their places fully developed, they constitute the great 

 permanent adult teeth, which attend its middle age. The fact that the 

 sixth tooth, which we know should follow, has not in any degree appeared, 

 shows that this animal was not very old ; and the state of the epiphyses, 

 with that of the bones generally, confirms this opinion. 



