SHAWANGUNK HEAD. 113 



zygomatic process of the temporal, becomes broader anteriorly, where it 

 unites with the os mala?. At the internal face of the zygomatic fossa is the 

 spheno-maxillary fossa, of great length and curved form. 



' The ossa parietalia present a superior horizontal face, bounded ante- Parietal 



Bones, 



riorly by an irregular curve, which separates it from the os frontis, and 

 terminates externally in the superior posterior orbitar process. The 

 posterior edge unites with the supra-occipital by a suture, which, in the 

 Elephant and Mastodon, is ossified at an early period of life in order to 

 afford a firm attachment for the temporal muscles in their action on the 

 heavy lower jaw. 



The os occipitis (Plate XIX.) constitutes the whole of the posterior sur- occipital 



13 one. 



face of the cranium, and a part of the inferior. Superiorly, the occipital face 

 is very rough 'for the attachment of muscles ; and, in some places where 

 the outer table is broken, an opening is made into numerous diploic cells. 

 These apertures have been caused by the separation of the rough processes 

 near the superior edge of this surface, which have thus left openings into 

 the cranial cells. In the midst of this posterior region of the occipital bone 

 is a ridge or crest separating two deep fossa?, where the ligamentum nucha? 

 and muscles are attached. The inferior portion of the os occipitis to which 

 the cervico-dorsal muscles are attached, comprises a part of the occipital 

 condyles, and the cuneiform process, which extends forwards, in a pointed 

 form,. to the posterior superior opening of the nasal cavities. The foramen 

 magnum is about three inches in diameter, and looks obliquely back- 

 wards. 



Bones of the Face (Plates XVI. and XVII. ). — The ossa nasi, of a 

 pyramidal form, are partially co-ossified with the os frontis ; they are short, 

 separated at their extremities, joined at their bases. 



15 



