I 



114 SHAWANGUNK HEAD. 



inter- On the lower part of the nasal opening, we see very distinctly indicated 



maxillary 



Bones, the intermaxillary or premaxillary bones, forming the lateral and inferior 

 boundary of the great nasal cavity. They widen below this foramen to the 

 extent of ten inches ; then, arching inwards to 'leave space for the maxillary 

 bones, they narrow to seven inches, and, at their anterior extremities, 

 again widen to sixteen inches to form the anterior exterior and a part of 

 the inferior portion of the tusk-sockets. These bones' are deeply indented 

 across the middle of the face, differing in this respect from the elephant 

 and from the other Mastodon heads. The intermaxillary fossa is of great 

 depth. At its postero-superior extremity, it presents a fissure six inches 

 long, and three or four inches deep ; from the inferior angle of which 

 it enlarges into a fossa nine inches across, and four or five deep ; at its 

 anterior termination again narrowing to the width of seven inches. 



upper The superior maxillary bone is of an irregular form. Superiorly, at 



Maxillary 



Bone, the anterior part of the orbit, this bone rises into a pointed process, which 

 separates the intermaxillary from the frontal bones ; thence descending, it 

 widens posteriorly to form the zygomatic process, at the root of which is 

 the great infra-orbital foramen ; below this it enlarges into the great 

 alveolar ridge, and forms, on the fore part, the inferior wall of the tusk- 

 socket. Thence extending internally, it constitutes by its palatine plate 

 a large part of the palatine fossa, which is eleven inches broad at its 

 anterior part, and narrows as it passes backwards. 



inferior The inferior face of the cranium (Plate XVIII.) measures antero- 



Face of the 



Cranium, posteriorly, forty-six inches ; and transversely, thirty-one. It presents 

 many irregularities from the prominences of the occipital condyles, posterior 

 openings of the nasal fossae, the great zygomatic openings, the alveolar and 

 dental prominences, and the palatine fossa, but may be said to have a form 



