138 



DR. FALCONER'S PROPOSED ARRANGEMENT OF SPECIES. 



Dr.Faico- The specific distinctions in the Mastodon family have been differently 



ner's Oppor- 

 tunities, viewed by Dr. Falconer, excepting as to the Tetracaulodon. This gentle- 

 man, with Captain Cautley his coadjutor, has had great opportunities of 

 investigating the fossils of the Himalaya Mountains ; and the result has 

 been displayed in the production of a magnificent collection, and series 

 of representations, of Elephant, Mastodon, and other fossil bones. 



Distinctions In the published part of this work, at least eleven species of Elephants 



from Form 



and and six of Mastodons have been pointed out, Dr. Falconer has founded 

 of Teeth n ^ s distinctions on the structure and form of the teeth. "We have already 

 said that the teeth are composed of three kinds of substance, — dentine, 

 enamel, and cement ; and have also shown that the elephant's tooth is 

 composed of thin plates of dentine, coated by enamel and united by cement. 

 The Mastodon teeth are not foliated or laminated, but have a body of 

 dentine, and a crown of dentine, enamel, and cement. This crown is divided 

 into ridges, and these ridges are subdivided into mammillae ; in some cases 

 smaller nipples, or papilla?, are, as before said, placed in the interstices 

 of the ridges. The lamina? of the teeth of the elephant, gradually becoming 

 shorter, wider, and conical, may be traced with a good degree "of regularity, 



