158 GEOLOGICAL SITUATION AND 



4. " Pliocene fossils of South Carolina ; mammalia, Mastodon Maximus, 

 Cuvier ; Cervus." — M. Tuomey : Report of the Geology of South Carolina, 

 p. 205. 



5. " Not later than the ' Erratic Block Group ' of De la Beche." — 

 Harlan: p. 254. 



The modern deposits are much more numerous ; and, in order to show 

 satisfactorily their character, we have collected a number of instances from 

 authorities to be relied on for their exactness. 



" Account of the discovery of a skeleton of the Mastodon Giganteum, 

 extracted from a report made to the Lyceum of Natural History, by Messrs. 

 De Kay, Van Eenselaer, and Cooper. Bead May 10, 1824 : — '1. The black 

 earth, containing the remains of the Great Mastodon, about eight feet 

 thick. 2. Silicious sand, with rolled pebbles. Thickness unequal, but 

 generally greater than that of the black earth. 3. Marl formations, almost 

 exclusively composed of the relics ' of testaceous animals. These appear to 

 have been principally bivalve shells, though a few univalves are sometimes 

 found. This formation appears to vary in thickness, at different places, from 

 ten to thirty feet. Perhaps it should be considered as composed of several 

 strata, characterized by different species or genera of shells. Thus we 

 observed one stratum wholly composed of species of ostrea, which was con- 

 stantly elevated several feet higher than another, which contained only the 

 shells of a different species. A fossil elephant's tooth is likewise stated 

 to have been found in a marl pit in this county. TTe were not able to 

 determine the character of the strata underlying the marl.' " — Annals of 

 the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. 



