CAUSES OP PRESERVATION. 159 



DRIFT. 



1. " These bones often occup imbedded in gravel and sand of the 

 nature of ordinary drift ; but in such instances it can usually be shown 

 that they have been transported, and that the deposit in which they occur 

 is one of very modern origin." — James Hall : Geology of New York, 

 p. 365. 



2. "In the neighborhood of the Great Osage river, in swamps, erect." 

 Cuvier: Oss. Foss.'ed. alt. vol. i. p. 217. 



3. " Many since in swamps." — De Kay : Zoology of Neio York, p. 365. 



4. " The marl beds and. muck-swamps, where these remains occur, 



are the most recent of all superficial accumulations rest on the 



drift." — J. Hall : Ibid. p. 366. 



5. "At Hinsdale, Catteraugus County, a tusk, with some horns of 

 deer, were found sixteen feet beneath the surface of gravel and sand " [at 

 an elevation of fifteen hundred feet above the sea-level]. — Ibid. p. 364. 



6. Our Shawangunk Head, as it is styled, was found under the fol- 

 lowing strata : 1st, gravel and drift ; 2d, marl ; 3d, a layer of dry peat, hard 

 enough to be turned in a lathe. — Present work, p. 110. 



7. In Albany and Greene Counties, in shell-marl four or five feet deep. 

 "The strata in which they (the English remains) lie do not belong precisely, 

 like those in Xew York, to the most modern geographical condition of the 

 country." — Sir Charles Lyell : Tour in North America. 



8. " In low sunken places, very wet and miry, and lay buried about 

 ten feet under the surface. The earth and marl appear to consist of four 

 different strata : 1st, the common earth found in low meadows, which is very 

 black and rich ; 2d, a stratum of blue clay ; 3d, a stratum of white marl ; 



