APPENDIX. 181 



E. — Page 94. 



The following is an extract from the " Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society," 

 vol. iv., page 113 : — 



" Professor Frazer read a letter from Mr* J. B. Maxwell, one of the trustees of Princeton 

 College, to Professor Henry, dated Belvidere, Oct. 17, 1844, relating to the discovery of Mastodon 

 bones on the farm of Mr. Abraham Ayers, near Hacketts Town, New Jersey. 



" There are portions of the skeletons of five Mastodons ; one pretty large, three of smaller 

 size and a calf ; of the largest, only the grinders, portions of the tusks (thirteen and a half inches 

 in circumference), and some fragments of the larger bones, remain ; the rest having fallen to 

 pieces on being exposed to the air. The bones of the calf fell to pieces in like manner, and no 

 parts have been preserved except the grinders and the tusks, which were five or six inches long, 

 about three quarters of an inch in diameter, and seem to have projected more than an inch from 

 the bone ; of the other three, the skulls and most of the larger bones are in good preservation. 

 "We measured some parts of the largest of them as follows : — 



Skull, from top of head, at junction of the muscles of the neck, to end of hone between the tusks, three 

 feet four inches. 



Skull, between the large cavities for the ears across the forehead, two feet. 



Skull. Orbit of the eye, vertical diameter, sis inches, 



Skull. Reniform orifice below the eyes (communication between trunk and brain, &c), ten inches across, 

 by four inches vertically. 



Skull. Oval orifice below this (communication between trunk and throat), five inches and a half verti- 

 cally, by three across. 



Skull. Tusk, from insertion, two feet three inches ; whole length, three feet one inch, and about three 

 inches in diameter. 



PELvrs, four feet ten inches across, by three feet eight inches. 



Fesioeal Boxe, three feet long, one foot one inch and a half in circumference in the middle. 



Scapula, two feet five inches long, two feet one inch wide (measuring over the projection). 



" There were three grinders on each side above, and the same number below. The two 

 others and the calf had four teeth on each side, both above and below ; but the forward ones 

 were evidently ' milk teeth,' which would have been shed at a more advanced age. In none of 

 these four did the back grinders appear to have cut through the gum. The largest of the five 

 had had three grinders on each side in each jaw. All the grinders were of the same character, 

 having the projecting conical points which distinguish the Mastodon. In one of the skulls, the 



