182 APPENDIX. 



tusks projected outwards, and inclined upwards; while, in the other two, they were inclined 

 downwards and nearly parallel. This difference, and that in the number of the teeth, had induced 

 Mr. Ayers to believe that the remains belonged to more than one species. But Mr. Maxwell 

 considered it to be evident that the only differences are those of age and sex. The bones which 

 he measured he supposed to be those of a female. The other two were younger animals, as 

 was evident both from the teeth and the sutures of the skull; and, as the skull with projecting 

 tusks seemed to have a broader and rounder outline than the others, it probably belonged to a 

 young male. 



" Mr. Ayers walked with Mr. Maxwell to the spot where they were dug out, and described 

 the position in which they were discovered. North-wesf of the Musconetcong Valley, in which 

 Hacketts Town is situate, lies a range of highlands, about two miles wide, rising perhaps three 

 hundred and fifty feet above the valley, and separating it from the valley of the Pequest. This 

 ridge, which is of gneiss, and has, like all our mountains, a general course of about north-east, 

 is cut into sections by transverse depressions, or hollows, running generally about south of east. 

 Through one of these depressions, which is probably a hundred and fifty feet below the gen- 

 eral level of the range, passes the road from Hacketts Town to Vienna. By looking at Gordon's 

 Map of New Jersey, a small stream is found to cross the road nearly half-way to Vienna. Mr. 

 Ayers's house is about a hundred yards beyond the stream, and the bones were found more 

 than a quarter of a mile beyond his house in a northerly direction, and perhaps three hundred 

 yards from the road. The map does not represent the face of the country correctly. The road 

 runs along the northern side of the valley or depression, most of which is occupied by a swampy 

 meadow, through which the stream flows. From the road the ground rises regularly, but pretty 

 rapidly, — probably a hundred and twenty feet in two hundred yards, — and then descends 

 more gradually twenty-five or thirty feet into a smaller depression, which, however, does not cut 

 through the ridge like the larger one, but descends very gradually from the general level on the 

 east, and at its western end opens on the brow of the ridge by a kind of ravine. Near this 

 western end is a depression or basin, deeper than the outlet, and forming in wet weather a pond- 

 hole. Mr. Ayers says that formerly the water in it was at times four or five feet deep ; but 

 some years ago he drained it in part by a ditch, four feet deep, so that now it is merely a wet, 

 swampy place, about forty yards in length by twenty-five wide. During the drought last sum- 

 mer, it became quite dry, and he took the opportunity to dig out a portion of the earth for 

 manure. In doing this, he discovered the bones. The basin slopes gradually from the east to a 

 depth of about twelve feet near the western side. On the top is about one foot of vegetable 

 deposit, formed of decayed leaves, &c. ; then about six inches of whitish sand, mixed with 

 vegetable matter ; and below this a deposit, which, Mr. Ayers says, when first opened, was of a 

 yellowish color, very much resembling in appearance the manure of a cow-yard, when thrown up 



