196 APPENDIX. 



At the anterior extremity of the left lateral margin is preserved the inferior part of the 

 alveolus of the tusk of this side, with many fragments of its root. That of the right side is in 

 a worse state of preservation, and presents no trace of the corresponding tusk-alveolus. Those 

 of the molars are perfect on each side, and have the teeth implanted. The entire upper portion of 

 the head is wanting. Taken as a whole, the palate is peculiar in its prolongation anteriorly ; for, 

 notwithstanding its incompleteness and the almost entire absence of intermaxillary bones, it 

 attains — 



Inches. 



The length anterior to the molars of . . ., . . . . . . . . . 12.2 



The width between the two molars is only .......... 4.3 



Mandible. — It is very fine and massive, owing to the short and thick horizontal branches. 



The length of the diagonal from the posterior maxillary angle to the symphysis at the beak is . 26.7 



The divergence of the branches at this angle .......... 13.7 



The greatest width of the ascending branch . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 



And its angle of junction with the horizontal branch is nearly a rectangle. 



Length of the horizontal branch ............ 15.7 



Length of the vertical branch ............. 16.1 



The angle of junction at the symphysis is 65°; presenting no sign of suture, but forming a 

 sort of short beak, obliquely cut off from above downwards, with margins rounded and turned 

 outwards, " not unlike the mouth of a decanter." The masseteric depression, on the outer side 

 of the ascending branch, below the sigmoid cavity, Professor Sismonda has not found so large 

 and deep in the skeletons of the Indian Elephant as in this Mastodon. 



Maxillary Tusks. — These are the finest ornaments of the fossil; and, thanks to the care 

 bestowed in the exhumation and preservation, the right is entire. 



The length, measuring according to the curve, is ......... 102.4 



The curvature of the tusk is from above downwards, from below upwards, and from without 

 inwards. From their length Professor Sismonda pronounces the animal a male. 



Mandibular Tusks. — The inferior tusks had fallen before the animal's decease, so that the 

 mandibular symphysis presents no trace of alveoli ; which is not to be wondered at when we 

 consider the great age of the animal. 



Molar Teeth. — " Those of the upper jaw with a rectangular crown, rather smaller at the 

 posterior extremity, which turns towards the fauces, are in length 6.7, and formed of four very 

 distinct ridges, each constituted by two large marginal tubercles, with some small intervening 

 tubercles on the median line, and a posterior talon, which, seen from behind, almost rivals a fifth 

 ridge. The mandibular or lower molars, somewhat larger than the upper, in length 7.5, of an 

 irregular parallelogram form, larger in front than posteriorly, slightly concave on the external 



