198 APPENDIX. 



the superior angle of the medullary foramen to the apex, it measures 15.5* It terminates in a 

 thick tubercle, for the support, in common with the other dorsal vertebrae, of the immense cervical 

 ligament. The vertical diameter of the body is 4.7 ; the transverse diameter beneath the trans- 

 verse processes is 4.3 ; the medullary foramen represents a triangle nearly equilateral, the median 

 height of which is 2.4, the width at the base 2.5. 



The fourth dorsal vertebra is reduced to the base of the spinous process and a portion. of 

 the anmilar. The same is true of the fifth. The sixth is in rather a better state of preservation ; 

 its peculiar character being the position of the costal articulation, which is an excavation in the 

 body, nearly on a level with the base of the medullary foramen, while in the preceding vertebra; 

 this face is lower down, and in the succeeding more elevated, occupying, so to speak, the base 

 of the annular portion. 



The seventh vertebra consists of only a portion of the body, with the left transverse process 

 annexed. 



After this, with one exception, probably of the eighth vertebra, comes a consecutive series 

 of eleven, for the most part united together, and forming a group from the ninth to the nineteenth 

 inclusively. On the right side it seems quite perfect ; but on the left there is a wide break from 

 the ninth to the fifteenth, involving the transverse processes, and in some places the plate of the 

 annular portion, thus exposing the medullary canal. At the sixteenth and seventeenth, the arti- 

 cular process becomes rudimental, subsequently increasing in size to equal the transverse. 



The cavities for the articulation of the ribs result from the union of two demi-fossettes from 

 the ninth to the fourteenth vertebra ; the five following have each an entire fossette at the base 

 of the annular portion, with a tendency to the centre of the plate, which is attained in the nine- 

 teenth. 



Lumbar Vertebra. — Some authors allow only three vertebrae in this region : if it be so, the 

 - skeleton is complete in this respect. The body is not so thick as in the dorsal vertebrae, but 

 the transverse diameter is greater. 



laches. 



The transverse diameter of the second is 5.1 



The sacral and coccygeal vertebrae are wanting. 



Ribs. — Twenty-six discovered, and divided as follows : — 



RIGHT SIDE. 



1. The only one entire, length ............. 19.7 



Width at the base .......... 4.7 



3. Wants only the vertebral extremity ; the fragment measures . . . . . . . 20.8 



* This spinous process being the longest, its dimensions may be conveniently employed to give an idea of the magni- 

 tude of the Dusina Mastodon Angustidens and the North American Mastodon Giganteus. On referring to the latter, the 

 length of the spinous process of the third dorsal vertebra is found to be twenty-three inches and a half. — Authoe's Note. 



