186 TAYGETIS. By G. Weyieer. 



yellow or light brownish grey band of 10 mm in breadth, sprinkled with dark brown dots. This form occurs 

 in Mexico, in Honduras and other eoimtries of Central America, on the Amazon (Ega), in Ecuador, Surinam 

 excavala. and South Brazil (Blumenau). — excavata 5iZr. (44 c), a further form of mermcria, is distinguished by having 

 the posterior part of the liindwing rather more deeply excised at the distal margin between veins 1 b and 3. 

 The forewing is likewise produced into a long point at the costal m.argin. From Honduras and Colombia^). . 



armillata. T. amiillata Btlr. is intermediate between mermeria and yptliima. Somewhat smaller than the for- 



mer. Expanse 90 — 95 mm. The forewing runs out into a point, which is not so elongated as in tene- 

 hrosus and excavaia. The hindwing is produced into sharp teeth at veins 1 b to 4. Upper surface ohve-brown, 

 the m.argin somewhat darker, the ciliae lighter. The principal difference from mermeria Ues in the position of 

 the median band on the underside of the hindwing. This band is not straight as in mermeria, but curved and 

 running parallel with the distal margin. The eye-spots on both wings are much smaller and those of the fore- 

 jimna. wing are placed in a nearly straight row. From Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia. — jimna Btlr. (44 d) is a form 

 of armillata, which only differs in the lighter colour of the under surface and in the less angled, more promi- 

 nent transverse band. From Panama, Thauropolis. 



larua. T. larua Fldr. (46 a). Somewhat smaller than armillata (80 — 85 mm expanse). Uppersurface unicolo- 



rous dark olive-brown, the apex of the fore^dng somewhat produced. The teeth on the hindwing are some- 

 what less prominent than in armillata. The under surface dusted with steely black-grey, especially the hindwing, 

 which is slightly glossy. The transverse bands are very narrow, but quite as much curved as in armillata. 

 From Colombia (Bogota) and Paraguay. The figure is taken from Feldbe's type in the Tring Museum. 



ypthima. ^- Ypthima Hhn. (= chelys Burtn.) (44 d). Forewing with pointed apex, below this the distal margin 



somewhat incurved. Hindwing with pointed teeth on veins 1 b to 4. Upper surface olive-brown, with dark 

 brown border about 3 mm in breadth. Cilia yellowish grey. The under surface is very variable, in the ty- 

 pical form brownish yellow, finely marbled with brown, on the forewing with 2 lilac-coloured transverse bands, 

 between and behind which the ground-colour often becomes dark brown. On the hindwing two darker, some- 

 what curved dentate transverse bands and a row of whitish dots, Avhich are surrounded by brown rings. Of 

 these the one which is placed in cellule 2 often stands out as a distinct white spot. Modifications occiu- of the 

 most varied kinds. The transverse lines become broader, are united into brown spots, and these again into 

 brown longitudinal stripes. Distributed in South Brazil, province of Rio de Janeiro (Petropolis), province 

 Ophelia, of St. Catharina (Joiirville, Blumenau), provmce of Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre), Paraguay. — Ophelia 

 Btlr. (44 d) is a form of ypthima with almost unicolorous, brownish ochre-yellow under surface to the hindwing, 

 with somewhat lighter but indistinct median band and small black dots in yellow rings. From Joinville. — 

 xaniippe. xatltippe Btlr. (44 d) has the under surface of the hindwing almost entirely brown with a large reddish yellow 

 semibrun- area at the apex and a spot of the same colour in the middle. From Blumenau. — semibrunnea form. nov. (44 d) 

 "■""■ is a further form of ypthima with yellowish grey, brown-dusted hindwing, which has an abbreviated brown basal 



band and a brown median band extending from the costal to the inner margin. Moreover, the whole distal 

 margin is broadly dark brown nearly to this band, so that between the two there only remains a narrow stripe 

 of the groimd-colour, which is interrupted in places. From Blumenau. — The egg and the first 4 stages of 

 the larva of true ypthima were described by MtrLLEE. The egg, which is laid by the butterfly on the underside 

 of the bamboo leaves, is globular, divided by low ridges into hexagonal areas. The larva in the first stage is 

 5 — 8 mm. long. Head light brown, rugose, with 2 horns divided at the tip and 3 conical elevations at each side, 

 each of which is provided with a stiff, clavate, bristle. The horns are whitish at the base, blackish browm at 

 the tip. The body is much narrower than the head, whitish green, the middle segments somewhat thickened, 

 covered with isolated, short, finely clubbed bristly hairs. The anal tail-fork is short. In the second stage the 

 whole head is covered with bristle-bearing tubercles, anteriorly there are 2 brown parallel curved marks, of which 

 the proximal one disappears in the later moults; moreover, on the body there are a white dorsal line and one, 

 later two M-hite lateral stripes. In the 3rd and 4th stages the lateral points on the head become gradually short- 

 er, whilst the upper points of the horns remain. In the 4th stage the head is pale grey, margmed with brown. 

 Between the horns is placed a black-brown spot, which is narrowed posteriorly and passes into the dark grey 

 dorsal stripe. This is alternately narrow and wide, and forms with the anteriorly yellow-green, posteriorly 

 orange-yellow subdorsal stripes and the green and white lateral stripes a very compUcatedJpattern. MtJLLEB 



') Whether the larva which Stoli figures in the supplement to Crameb, Uitl. Kapellen, pi. 7, fig. 1, really belongs to mer- 

 meria Cr., appears to me somewhat questionable, as its shape does not correspond to that of the known Satyrid larvae and also 

 the food-plant of this larva (the orange tree) leads one to suspect a mistake. Otherwise only grasses, bamboo and sugar-cane are 

 known as food-plants for the Satyrid larvae. The larva figured is i2 mm long, 7 mm thick; on the dorsum red-brown with white, 

 zigzag longitudinal stripe and with seven long, red and white, hairy spines; on the sides are placed white hairs, which cover the 

 legs. At the anal end two tufts, which likewise bear red and white hairs. The head is triangular, with black and white hairs; on 

 the frons two white stripes which run up sideways from the white mouth-parts to the frons and are joined into a point above. 

 Food-plant: orange tree. The pupa is hung up perpendicularly, 30 mm long, 12 mm thick, with two short points on the head, 

 green in colour and yields the butterfly in 14 days. Further investigations must decide whether Stoll's figure really represents 

 the larva of mermeria. 



