226 - COENONYMPHA. By G. Weymbr. 



with brown and yellow. The ground-colour of the under surface is yellowish grey with 2 brown transverse 

 lines through the middle, the first straight, the second dentate. Between the two a short streak on the transverse 

 vein. At the margin two yellow terminal lines and between these a brown one. — The egg is smooth, with whi- 

 tish gloss, at the base flattened, above round. The larva deep green with red points on the head, yellow lateral 

 stripe and light longitudinal lines. The pupa is more slender then that of Enod. portlandia, light grass-green 

 with the edges of the wing-cases yellow and with yellow subdorsal and lateral lines on the abdominal part. 

 The anterior end is pointed. The larva hibernates and feeds till the beginning of June on Cyperaceae, etc. 

 The butterfly flies in July in wet grassy places and is locally common in the northern United States, but also 

 occurs in Canada and the higher, cool mountain-valleys of Carolina. 



17. Genus: Coeiioiiyiiiplia Hhn. 



The principal distinguishing character of this genus, which consists only of small butterflies, is that 

 the costal, the median and the submedian of the foi'ewing are all strongly swollen at the base. The palpus 

 is densely clothed with erect hairs, the terminal joint porrect. Antenna short, but with relatively long club. 

 Eyes naked. Both wings rounded at the distal margin. The species of this genus are distributed over the northern 

 temperate zone of the Old and the New World, but the American species occur for the most part only in the 

 western states of the Union. On the Coenonympha of the Old World cf. vol. I, p. 142 — 147, pi. 48; further 

 ^ vol. IX, p. 301. ^ 



California. C. California DM. <fe Hew. (50 a). This species may be known by its white, unmarked upper surface, 



which is only somewhat dusted with blackish at the base. The under surface is finely dusted with brownish, 

 especially on the hindwing, and shows a whitish dentate band through the middle and behind it 1 ocellus on 

 the forewing and 3 on the hindwing. The $ is somewhat larger and beneath darker than the (^. The butter- 

 galadiiuis. fly occurs in a succession of broods, and is common in sandy and grassy places. — galactinus Bdv. (50 b) 

 is the winter form of California. It is much lighter beneath and the eye-spots before the margin are much smaller. 

 The egg is almost spherical, light coloured, with very low, fine ribs. Larva slender, elongate, with round head, 

 green or brown, longitudinally striped. Pupa stout and short, obtuse, green or brownish, the wing-cases marked 

 with oblique black stripes. The species is distributed along the whole western coast of the United States from 

 ceres. Vancouver Isl9,nd to California. — ceres Btlr. (= eryngii H. Edw.) is a form of California with the upperside 

 pale ochre-yellow and the forewing beneath reddish with the base lighter. Beneath in addition the costal margin 

 of the forewmg and a broad band before the apex are grey, a transverse band behind the middle yellowish rust- 

 coloured; the hindwing is pale grey with the base brownish and bears an irregular pale yellow median band 

 pulla. and 2 black dots before the margin enclosed in light yellow rings. From California. — pulla H. Edw. is a form 

 with the upper surface entirely fawn-coloured with blackish shading at the base. The under surface is dull 

 brown with a reddish tone in the discal area. On account of the dark ground-colour the markings are only 

 indistinct. From San Mateo, California. Appears to be a dark aberration of California, as only 1 example 

 was known to the author. 

 elko. C. elko Edw. (50 b). Above ochre-yellow with whitish fringes and the inner margin of the hindwing 



whitish. Base somewhat dusted with blackish. On the under surface the forewing is somewhat lighter ochre- 

 yellow, costal margin and apex finely dusted with brown, with a lighter half-band. Hindwing quite fmely 

 dusted with brown, with light yellow half-band at the middle of the costal margin. Above and beneath in both 



'atnpelos. sexes without eye-spots. From Nevada and Washington. June. — ampelos Edw. (50 b) is a form of elko which 

 differs in the somewhat stronger brown dusting on the under surface and further in having the light band on 

 the under surface prolonged or continued by separate spots. Distributed from Nevada westwards to Vancouver 

 Island. — The egg is conical, yellow-green, the surface less ribbed than in galactinus. The young larva is similar 

 to that of galactiniis, with only slight differences in the colouring ; when full grown it is 18 mm. in length, laterally 

 yellow-green, with small white tubercles each bearing a short hair, posteriorly with 2 short, conical reddish 

 tails. The pupa is shaped like that of galactinus, 10mm. in length, green with black stripes and dots. The period 

 from oviposition to the appearance of the imago is in the summer 49 days. 

 ooliracca. C. ochracea Edw. (50 b). Above unicolorous, bright ochre-yellow, with the markings of the under 



surface showing through faintly in places. Underside of the forewing reddish yellow, before the apex with a 

 small black, white-pupilled ocellus in a light yellow ring, and before this a light yellow band. The hind- 

 wmg is dusted wdth yellowish brown and shows at the base 2 light yellow spots, in the middle a light yellow 

 dentate band and before the distal margin one or sometimes several small, eye-shaped, black dots in light 

 yellow I'ings. Distributed in the western part of North America from British Columbia to Arizona and east- 

 wai'ds to Kansas. 

 brciida. C. brenda Edw. Above light reddish yellow, without markmgs, beneath somewhat yellower ; the forewing 



with a reddish transverse line beyond the middle, anteriorly straight, posteriorly curved. The hindwing has 

 a similar line, ^^dlicll is anteriorly angled, posteriori}^ curved. Forewing with a large round black spot before 

 the apex and a dot between medians 1 and 2. Hindwing with a more or less complete row of small 

 dots. The $ is on the under surface darker, with an admixture of grey, the spot before the apex of the forewing 

 has- a white pupil and on the hindwing some of the dots are absent. From Los Angelos. brenda is regarded by 



