228 CERCYONIS. By G. Weymee. 



19. Genus: Cerej'Ollis Speyer. (= Satyrus Westiv. pt.) 



The costal margin of the forewmg is more strongly, the distal mai'gin more weakly rounded, the inner 

 margm in most species fau-ly straight. The distal margin of the hmdwing is slightly undulate, the posterior 

 part of the iiuier margin somewhat incurved. The palpus is long, projecting by more than the length of the 

 head, densely haired, the eyes naked. The club of the antenna is thin and long, not sharply defined. The mid- 

 tibia is scarcely spinose. The costal and median of the forewing are strongly swollen at the base, the submedian 

 on the other hand only somewhat thickened. In the forewing the first 2 subcostal veins arise before the end 

 of the cell. The o(^ of most species have a more or less distinct stripe of scent-scales on the upperside of the 

 forewing behind the median. Some of the butterflies are of medium size, but some considerably smaller. They 

 inhabit North America. Single species are very similar to European forms of the genus Satyrus and hence 

 are referred to Satyrus by most American authors. 



pegala. C. pegala F. (50 b, c). The largest species of the genus. Above brown, with broad ochre-yellow band 



on the fore^^'ing, on which are placed in the (J only one eye-spot, in the $ two. On the under surface the brown 

 ground-colour is finely striated all over with dark brown and the hindwing has here 6 ocelli. Sometimes one 

 of these is absent. The butterfly occurs in the southern part of the United States about as far north as to New 

 alope. Jersey. — alope F. (50c) is the most widely distributed form m North America. It is somewhat smaller, and 

 has m both sexes above and beneath two eye-spots on the forewing. The scent-scale spots on the upperside 

 of the o forewing in cellules la, lb and 2 are distinct. The number of the ocelli on the lundwing varies. — 

 maritima. maritima Eclw. is a form similar to alope in which the under surface is darker and the band more orange-coloured. 



texana. It occurs in Long Island and Martha's Vineyard. — texana Ediv. (= mcana Edu\), a further form belongmg 

 here, has light brown ground-colour and ochreous bands. The spots on the underside of the hindwing are larger 

 nephele. than m the other forms. From the extreme south of the United States. — nephele Kirby (50c) was long regarded 

 as a good species, but is now recognized as a dimorphic form of alope. In it the yellow band is much darkened 

 by brown dusting and only to be recognized as a band in the ^ on the underside of the forewing. On the 

 upper surface of the o and on both sides of the $ only the brownish yellow rings round the black eye-spots 

 persist. It is the northern form of the species, and is of general occurrence in North America north of the 

 latitude of New York from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, but to the south of this only occurs on the heights 

 Olympus, of the Alleghany Mountains. — olympus Edtv. (50 d) is a form similar to nephele, in the (J somewhat darker, 

 in the $ somewhat lighter, and with only a few eye-spots on the underside of the hindwing. It is common 



ariane. in the States west of the Mississippi. — ariane Bdv. (50 c) is a small form, similar to alope, but darker. The 

 eye-spots stand out distinctly on the upper and under surface of the wings. From British America, Oregon 



hoopis. and the north-western part of the United States. — boopis BeJu- (50 d), a form belonging here, has on the 

 upperside of the hindwing no eye-spots, on the underside only 1 or 2 indistinct ones. The scent-scale 

 spots of the (J (J are distinctly visible on the upperside of the forewing between the 2nd median vem and the 

 inner margin. Common on the Pacific coast in the states of Washington, Oregon and North California. — In 



baroni. the form baroni Edw., which I also regard as belonging here, the yelloAV rings of the eye-spots above are almost 

 suppressed, the under surface is more reddish browTi, in consequence of which the transverse lines in the middle 

 gabbi. stand out distinctly. — gabbi Edw. is another form Avhich is referable to this species. It is of the size of nephele, 

 the cj dark reddish bro^^^l, the $ pale fawn-coloured. Beneath the distal half of the wings in the $ is pale 

 grey-bro^^^l, the proximal half only a little darker. On the hindwing are placed here 6 black, white-pupilled 

 eye-spots in j'ellow and bro^vai rings, the 2nd and 5th larger than the rest and the last 3 in a straight row 

 one above another. From Oregon and Utah. — The egg of alope is obtusely spherical, as high as broad, above 

 strongly ribbed, the surface covered with minute pitting and of a lemon-3^ellow colour. The larva hatches in 

 14: — 28 days according to the temperature. The young larva is rose-coloured, hibernates small, afterwards 

 becoming greenish, and when full-gro^^^l is 40 mm. in length, light green, whitish on the dorsum, with light 

 3'^ellow, dark-bordered lateral stripe and whitish, dark-shaded subdorsal line. It lives on species of grass. Pupa 

 blue-green, finely marked ^vith white. The butterflies fly in July and August in open woods and grassy places, 

 are locally verj^ common and visit especially the flowers of Spiraea tomentosa. 



tneadi. C. mead! Edw. (50 d) is an independent species, recognizable bj' its smaller size and the reddish yellow 



median area on the underside of the forewing. The <J is dark bro^vn above, with 2 black eye-spots in broad 

 red-j'^ellow rmgs on the forewmg in cellules 2 and 5, onty the anterior havuig a white pupil. The area round 

 the ej'e-spots is often more or less strongly dusted with red-yellow, especialty the space between them. On the 

 hindwmg above there is only one ocellus. In the 2 the e^^e-spots of the fore^raig above are placed on a red- 

 or ochre-yellow band, which extends basewards into the cell, and then gradually passes into the bro-\^Ti ground- 

 colour. — The egg is strongly ribbed at the sides, pitted above, rose-coloured. The larva is green, slender, the 

 head rounded, light longitudinal lines on the back and yellow lateral and subdorsal Ime. It lives on grass. Pupa 

 obtuseh' rounded, light green. The butterfly flies in July and August ; it is rather local, but common in places, 

 is fond of visiting Compositae, especialh- a species of Senecio. Localities: Colorado, Montana, Utah and Arizona. 



