252 PEDALIODES. By G. WEYinsR. 



It is brownish grey, with a large number of small blackish marks, each of which is of an approximately reniform, 

 but indefinite shape, and which are arranged in transverse rows. In the middle ( f the costa a silver-white 

 patch, before the apex some white dusting and at the anal angle a white dot. From Bolivia. Coll. Staudingee, 

 in the Zool. Museum m Berlin. 



Proerna Group. 



proerna. P. proema Hew. (53 c). The oldest described species of this group, Avhich are mostly without markings. 



The distal margin of the fore^Ying is rounded, that of the hindwing undulate. Above unicolorous brown. On 

 the under surface the forewing is in places somewhat reddish, its apex and the whole hindwing marbled with 

 grey, the latter -with a white dot at the apex and another at the anal angle. Colombia (Llanos de San Martm) ; 



2:ihrasa. Ecuador (Cerro Pululagua, Huamboya); Bolivia. — phrasa Sjn. & Kirby (53 d) is a form of proerna in which 

 the posterior of the 2 white dots on the underside of the hindwing is larger and more distmct. The reddish 

 dusting is absent, but it is somewhat dusted with grey before the apex of the forewing and in the middle of the 

 hindwing. Also on the upper surface the costa of the forewing and the apex of the hmdmng are marbled with 



obscura. grey. From Bolivia. ■ — obscura Sm. cfc Kirby {= pronoe Stgr.) is a form similar to phrasa, with the upper 

 surface brown, towards the distal margm somewhat lighter, and the incisions m the margm whitish. The 

 2 dots on the underside of the hindwing are of unequal size, as in phrasa, but in obscura there are often further 

 some fine white dots towards the costal margin of both wings. Sometimes also the disc of the forewing or the 

 phrusma. anal angle of the huidwing is somewhat reddish. Bolivia. — phrasina Stgr. is merely a local form of obscura 

 with the white dots before the costal margin on the underside of the forewing very distinct. From Yungas 

 in Bolivia. 



exanima. P. exatiima ErscJi. seems to me to belong in this group. Thxeme mdeed cites the species in the genus 



PronopMla, where Erschoff had placed it, but Erschoff's work was not at the time accessible to Herr 

 Thteme. Through the kindness of Mr. Kirby I had some time ago an opportunity cf examining this work 

 and was able to make notes and sketches from it. From these I judge exanima to be a Pedaliodes near to phrasa; 

 Erschoff describes it as follows: Expanse 65mm., forewmg Avith the margins entire, hiiidwing weakly dentate. 

 Both wings unicolorous brown above. Beneath likewise brown, the hmdwing with rather broad, somewhat 

 lighter border, in wliich is placed in cellule 2, about 3 mm. from the distal margin, a distinct white dot. 

 According to the description and Erschoff's figure, which represents a female, no other dots are present. 

 Locality: Pumamarca, Peru. 



fmnaria. P« fumaria Thieme (53 c). LTpperside of both wings and underside of the forewing as in j)roerna. On 



the under surface of the huidwing is placed a half-band, composed of grey-white atoms, which runs from the 

 inner margin nearly to the middle of the wing and is proximally pouited. In the (J (J this band is often 

 scarcely indicated, in the $$ on the contrary very distinct. Venezuela (Merida). 



shnpla. P- simpla Thieme (53 d). One of the smallest and plainest species. The distal margin of the forewing 



fairly straight, that of the hindwing undulate. Above dark brown, m the distal third gradually becoming some- 

 what lighter, in the middle of the forewing an indistinctly defmed dark scent-scale spot. Beneath the colour- 

 ing is lighter bro-mi, almost Mdthout dark marblmg. A minute, scarcely visible white dot in cellule 2 of the hind- 

 wing, in the Peruvian examples entirely absent. Ecuador (Banos), Peru (Huancabamba, Cuzco). 



eiiqmsa. P' empusai^Wr. (= dryas Stgr. i. I.) (53 d). Above unicolorous brown, fringes of the forewing chequered 



with brown and white, those of the liuidwing with brown and light brown. On the under surface the forewing 

 is irrorated with light brown before the apex, at the costa there is a white spot and in cellules 2 — 5 four white 

 dots in a straight row. Hmdwing finely striated with brown all over, a white curved spot at the costal margin 

 and two white dots in cellules 2 and 3. From the neighbourhood of Bogota and Muzo in Colombia and from 

 Cuzco (Peru). 



poeiica. P. poetica Stgr. (53 d) is very like empusa, and accordmg to Thteivie may be regarded as a Bolivian 



form of this, but the forewing is more rounded at the apex and on the underside of the forewing the row of dots 

 and the costal spot are absent, while on the other hand there are at the costal margin 4 fine white dots at fairly 

 uniform distances apart and below them some sparse white dustmg. The underside of the huidwing is sprink- 

 led all over with fine wliite dusting, especially at the distal margin. The white spot at the costal margm of this 

 wing is larger than in empusa and divided into 2 parts bj^ the subcostal vein. The fringes on both wings 

 are unicolorous brown above and beneath, not chequered. Hence I regard poetica as a good species. From 

 exul. Cocapata in Bolivia. — exul Thieme (53 e) is a form of poetica in which the dark brown scent-scale spot 

 on the upperside of the forewing extends from the inner margin to the base and the fine whitish dustmg on 

 the underside of the hindwing and at the costal margin of the forewing is absent. The white spot at the 

 costal margin of the hindwing is smaller. The fringes are brown as in poetica.. The most southern form of the 

 species. Rio de Janeiro. 

 naevia. P. naevia Thieme resembles proerna above, being dark brown with narrow scale-spot. Beneath some- 



