OPSIPHANES. By H. Fruhstoefer. 291 



creusa by the more complete yellowish median band on the upperside of both wings. $ scarcely differing above, 

 beneath -with smaller and more regular oval median ocelli. 



D. rusina maj^ be divided into two local races. The species is everywhere rare and is distinguished by 

 the brilliant, intensive deep blue reflections on the basal part of the forewing and the median area of the hind- 

 ^Ting. rusina Godt. (= delanira Hew. $) is only certainly known as yet from Santa Catharina. J with black rusina. 

 hair-pencil near the base of the hmdwing. The light band on the forewing runs parallel with the distal margin 

 and is coutiiaued in the same direction across the hmdwing. — principesa Stick., discovered by Michaelis principesa. 

 in Espiritu Santo, seems to occur also m Rio de Janeiro, where it was observed on the Corcovado and at 

 Petropolis by von Bonjoxghausen, who further states that the larva lives on bamboo. Quite resembles the 

 typical rusina, except that the light band on the wings is somewhat less broad, on the forewing sometimes wi- 

 dened ua the middle, and the blue reflection on the hindwing more extended. Under surface in both sexes lighter 

 throughout than in rusina, the almost white median band without darker orange-coloured bordering, the distal 

 area not grey-brown as in rusina, but distmctly divided into two parts, the submarginal part reddish brown, 

 the distal predominantly striated with whitish grey. 



D. vertebralis Btlr. (62 a) is a sharply differentiated species, and was captured together with creusa vertebralis. 

 in Espiritu Santo by J. Michaelis, so that the locality "Para", erroneously given by its author, has been 

 corrected. Under surface as in creusa with three large red-brown, black-rmged median ocelli, placed in a light 

 yellowish patch. .Band of the forewmg narrow, oblique, composed of spots. Under surface of the hindwing 

 with 3 ocelli : the 1st ua the middle of the costa, the 2nd distally to the cell, the 3rd in the posterior median 

 cellule. 2 larger, with broader wmgs and duller colouring, so that the striae of the under surface show 

 through. The band of the forewing rmis more steeply. 



5 Genus: Opisiphaiies Westio. 



Differs from Caligo in the more pointed and not so excessively large wings, the larger precostal cell and 

 the relatively stronger body, from Brassolis m the longer palpi. Head large, with strongly rounded eyes, frons 

 short, palpus on the underside densely clothed with bi'istly hairs, upcurved in front of the face, extending but 

 little beyond the head. Antemia gradually thickened, nearly half the length of the costa. Thorax very broad 

 and strong. Forewing mostly rather pointed, the distal margin usually somewhat concave; inner margin 

 straight. Subcostal five-branched, branches 1 and 2 arising before, branch 3 considerably behind the end of 

 the cell, the fourth rumiing uito the apex, short-stalked with the fifth. Cell of the forewing short and broad. 

 Hindwing almost round, only a little elliptical, with the apex rounded. The scent-organs of the cJcJ are hair- 

 pencils on the upperside of the hindwing, which can be spread out in a stellate form. Abdomen powerful, 

 in the o with lateral protuberances. Clasping-organs Satyrid-like, extremely simple. Uncus slightly curved, 

 with 2 lateral clasps, harpe similar to that of the European Karanasa (= Satyrns of the huebneri group, vol. I, 

 p. 127), proximally somewhat widened, in the middle narrowed, distally with projecting ventral point. Egg 

 according to W. Muller spherical, finely ribbed. The larva appears after 10 days, and when young is brown, 

 striped -nath yellow or red, with black head. When full-grown the head shows a crest of posteriorly directed 

 horns and the face is striped with red-brown. Body thickened in the middle, with 12 longitudinal lines, ter- 

 minating posteriorly in a forked tail. The larvae live on bananas and rest on the underside of the gigantic 

 leaves, along their midrib. Pupa less compressed than those of the preceding genera, green-yellow, the wmg- 

 cases with brown margins and stripes and with a silvery spot. According to Dr. Hahnel some species emit a 

 scent of vanilla. They remam all day among the lower branches and round the trunks and are fond of congre- 

 gating on fallen fmit. Some species can be baited with bananas. The species of the batea group prefer the light 

 undergrowth, where they are found ia the so-called "Waldschanken", i. e. on tree-trunks which exude sweet 

 or fermenting sap. Dr. Hahkel also met with them even at early dawn near human habitations on refuse, about 

 which they flew restlessly. 



Copulatory organs, judging from those of 0. invirae remoliatus Fruhst., remarkably Satyricl-like, scarcely 

 differing from those of the Palearctic Eumenis. Uncus hook-shaped, slightly bent downwards, two lateral 

 clasps extremely delicate; valve quite regularly of the simplest structure, basally somewhat thickened, but not 

 so markedly as in the genus Dynastor, slightly incised in the middle, the ventral distal end projecting as in 

 Eumenis cordula, the dorsal somewhat retracted, slightly chitinized, with two excrescences of unequal size. 

 The whole ventral part of the valve long-haired. Penis very broad, saccus quite normal, rather long, its proxi- 

 mal end not appreciably widened. 



Four groups, of which O/Joptera is so nearly entitled to generic rank that it is only here treated as a sub- 

 genus because its author so regarded it and in order to avoid splitting up a very natural genus. Catoblepia on 

 the other hand is only maintained on account of the secondary sexual characters, as there are no constant struc- 

 tural differences at all. 



Preco.stal cell of the hindwing longer than broad, Opoptera. 



Precostal of the hindwing higher than broad, Opsiphanes. 



Cell of the hindwing narrow, middle and lower discocellulars nearly straight, Catoblepia. 



Cell of the hindwing narrow, middle and lower discocellulars quite weakly curved, Selenophanes. 



