294 OPSIPHANES. By H, FRtrnsTORFER. 



and thus the separation or union of the several forms still remains more a matter of instinct or personal choice 

 than of experimental knowledge. If here agam I deviate from the previously frequented path, it is on the 

 ground of a delightful accumulation of material, which I have been fortunate enough to get together. — ■ 

 batea. batea Hbn. (62c), the name-type, probably came from the state of Ri o de Jan eiro : at any rate Htjenier's figure, 

 which is not so good as most in his works, shows the principal distinguishmg mark of the Rio specimens, the 

 almost vertical black distal border of the forewing, which is not expanded proximally (towards the cell) and has 

 its imier edge almost straight. All the other forms, on the contrary, have an apical spot extending as far 

 proximad as in our figure (61a 2, subsericea) or even further and similar or still finer and more numerous prox- 

 imal mcisions. Moreover all the representative forms bear a more or less distinct black spot at the apex of 

 the cell of the forewing, which apparently is only absent in batea from Rio de Janeiro. Upper surface of the 

 hmdwing with less of the dull red-brown gloss. Under surface with parts of the cell of the forewing whitish 

 aspJienm. and mth longer, almost whitish yellow median band, posteriorly tapering to a point. — ■ aspherus subsp. nov. 

 is a lfl,rger race from Espir itu Santo, the most northerly locality known, in which the forewing has the three 

 whitish yellow subapical patches already somewhat famt and the distal border more deeply mdented. ^ al- 

 most, $ entirely without black spot at the apex of the cell. Marginal area of the hindwing ua the $ extending 

 to the cell, without any trace of red-brown. The whitish parts of the mider surface more extended than in 

 batea Hbn. Very rare, while accordmg to vo^sr Bonnighatisen batea is very common in the Organ Moiintains 

 glaukias. near Petropolis. — glaukias subsp. nov. is a local form from the province o f Sao Paulo, very nearly allied to 

 the name-type; smaller than aspherus and praegrandis (61 a), but appreciably larger than batea. Subapical 

 patches darker than m the precedmg races, ochre-yellow. Basal area of both wings of a deeper colour, more 

 inclming to red-brown. Distal border proximally rather regularly but not very deeply incised. Cell-spot 

 of the forewing rudimentary. Under surface hardly differmg from batea ua the shape of the ocelli and the 

 duMa. general coloration. From three <So ua coll. Frxthstoefer. $ unknown. — dubia Roh. likewise came from 

 Sao Pau lo and according to Stichel is a very small, somewhat abnormal form, with paler ground-colour and 



panormus. strikmgly lighter distal margm. — panormus Bob. is apparently not rare at Blumenau and even somewhat 

 further south, at Theresopolis in Santa Catharma, I mj^self took numerous examples in the "Waldschanken" 

 already mentioned, which I searched twice daily. According to the material m my collection panormus chiefly 

 differs from batea in the black distal border of the forewuag extending to the apex of the cell and leavmg either- 

 no yellow-brown spot at all or only a vevy reduced, narrow one wliich never reaches the costal margm, whilst 

 in batea and its offshoots it always runs from the first median to the costal as a distinct, sharply defmed trans- 

 cellular band. On the under surface the striation is predominantly black mstead of red-brown. Rober's type, 

 which is in my collection, differs from all the examples of batea to which I have access m havhig a beautiful 

 yellow submargmal punctiform spot on the underside of the forewmg between the middle and lower medians. 

 beaia. — beata FruJist. (61a as subsericea) still possesses quite distmctly the ftafea-character and differs from panor- 

 mus chiefly m possessmg a broad yellow band-like transcellular spot, distally dusted with reddish, on the fore- 

 whig, which is particularly well developed m the $. The black distal border of the hmdwing somewhat nar- 

 rower than hi panorrmis. S anta Catha iina. Theresopolis. up to about 1500'. Appears about January and flies 

 until March, preferring the edge of the woods or the so-called Capoeira, the spare, dwarfed growth which springs 

 up where the forests have been cut down. The butterflies are fond of the sweet sap of certam shrubs which 

 exudes from holes bored by small beetles and besides Lepidoptera also attracts enormous numbers of Meli- 



didymaon. ponae, Lncanidae, Elateridae and sometimes also Gymnetis (Cetonidae). — didymaon Fldr., the locality of which 

 was incorrectly given by Stichel as Sta. Catharma, almost certamh' came from Rio Gra ndg^do_Sul, judging 

 by the tj'pe before me from the Trmg Museum, which I have been able to compare with sufficient material 

 from my collection. The subapical patches of the forewmg about as m batea, small, duller yellow than m pa- 

 normus and beata, but apparently very variable, m the $ again very large, nearly white. The black marginal 

 area of the forewing much widened, bearmg either no yellowish transcellular band or only an mdistmct one, 

 which m the $ is also darker and more reddish. Distal border of the forewmg sometimes narrow (type) or again 

 nearly reachhig the cell. Hmd^^-ing above with rust -red tmge proximally to the black margmal area. Under 

 sru-face contrary to the general character of the Rio Grande fauna predommantly blackened, the transcellular 

 band of the forewing a mere tlu-ead, ocelli of the hhidwing with delicate, scarcely appreciable yellow bordermg, 

 on the other hand the nearly black outer border much widened. Sao Joao da Reserva, Rio Grande do Sul, 

 3 oo . 1 9 in coll. Fruhstorfer. Appears at the end of the summer and prefers the edges of the woods or 



subsericea. light thickets (JLiBiLDE). — subsericea Fruhst., analogous to beata Fruhst., is the light form from Rio Grande 

 do Sul and differs from didymaon m havmg a broad j^ellow transcellular zone on the forewmg. Smaller than the 

 other batea forms, wings more romided, and m the $ scarcely undulate. Black distal border of both wings 

 strikmgly narrow, proximally inappreciably undulate, but especially on the hincl-ndng broadly tinged with dark 

 rust-red, as m didymaon Fruhst. Hmdwmg with slight silky gloss. Apex of the cell on the forewing m the 

 cJ oiJy quite faintly red-brown, m the $ spotted with black. Under surface : darker than m beata, hindwing 

 only -v^ith a short light band, which does not extend beyond the cell, otherwise uniformly striated with red-brown 

 tlu'oughout. Ocelli oblong, relatively small, subsericea agrees with the type in the very small dull j^ellow 

 subapical patches of the fore^Thlg, but differs beneath in the darker general colom-mg and in havmg the yellow 



