CALIGO. By H. Fruhstorfer. 325 



spot at the apex. Distal margin of the hindvvmg strongly dentate, slightly and narrowly dusted with whitish. 

 Under sm'face marked and coloured as in typical idomeneus but more sharply; the posterior eye-spot of the 

 hindwing comparatively small and narrowly ringed, the white area behind the cell rather strikingly contrasted 

 with the about equalty broad brownish distal area. Southern Peru. — praecana Stich. is a form of the pre- praecana. 

 ceding. Shape about as in typical idomeneics or agamemnon with the distal margin of both wings strongly 

 undulate, wings less broad, as large as superba. Above clearer grey, even paler, than typical idomenides, mark- 

 ings of the under surface showing thi'ough distinctly. Band of the forewing narrow, about as in idomeneus, 

 the blue reflection extended, but scarcely more than in idomeneus itself and on the hindwing not very brilliant. 

 Distal part of the hmdwing black-brown. Under surface about as in idomeneus, but all the dark parts lighter 

 brown. Ground-colour reddish ochre, the double line before the distal margin of the forewing more strongly 

 dentate. On the hmdwing the light areas before and behind the brown median band lighter, hindmargin 

 as far as the submedian ocln-e-yellow, which colour is extended in the anal area and united with the bordering 

 of the posterior ocellus. The under surface recalls rhoetus, but is even lighter and more yellow. South Peru. 

 — agamemnon Weym. is the largest race. Apex of the forewing almost falcate, distal margin below it deeply agamemnon. 

 excised, imdulate. Groimd-colour dark, nearly black, but the markings of the under surface showing through 

 faintly, particularly in the cell and at the distal margin. Band of the forewing widened, pure white for its 

 entire breadth as far as the posterior median vein, beyond this distally whitish nearly to the submedian, proxi- 

 maU}- dusted with bluish. Transverse band anteriorly somewhat narrower, somewhat dentate, the sections 

 between the vems arranged as a series of crescentic or arcuate spots. Posteriorly these arcuate spots become 

 shallower, the band more contmuous and only finely intersected with blackish at the veins. Not far from the 

 costal margin, near the apex, there is a small white spot and sometimes a second following it. Hindwing some- 

 what elongated, at the distal margin extremely dentate, projecting almost in points at the extremities of the 

 veins. Basal area grey-blue to near the end of the cell, in an oblique light greenish, distally with blue reflection. 

 Distal margin itself slightly dusted with whitish. Under surface extremely light, but marked in the same 

 waj"" a? in idomeneus. The transverse band of the forewing, however, much broader, the dark shading which 

 continues the brown coloiu-ing in the median area behind the posterior median vein condensed into a more di- 

 stinct band, the lines near the distal margin more strongly dentate, the proximal bordered with whitish and 

 towards the adjacent brownish area shaded with black-brown, so that it loses the effect of a separate line 

 and forms a sinuous boundary to the adjacent part of the wing. Hindwing traversed by a complete brown 

 median band; the posterior eye-spot, however, the greater part of which is enclosed in the band, smaller 

 than m typical idomeneus. The area behind the cell very distinctly separated from the distal area proper 

 by the white-edged, strongly dentate, band-like marking halfway between the end of the cell and the margin; 

 ground-colour of the di-stal area anteriorly chestnut-brown, posteriorly only brown along the veins, otherwise 

 whitish. The white patch in the middle of the cell sharply defined. Ecuador (Huamboya, Balzapamba). — ■ 

 rhoetus Stgr. In the o the white band of the forewing is narrower and shorter, at most only distinct to the rJweius. 

 2nd median vein ; the blue reflection on the hindwing interrupted in the median area. Anal area ochre-yellow, 

 beneath the entire posterior part of the wing as far as the posterior ocellus bright ochre- or saffron-yellow; 

 the under surface is more brightly marked than in typical idomeneus, particularly the whitish cell-patch mostly 

 sharp and the transverse bands in the cell of the forewing purer whitish and sharper. $ the same but paler. 

 Eastern Amazon and part of Brazil lying to the south of this; Argentina ( ?). I have rhoetus before me also 

 from Matto Grosso, a single o differing inconsiderably from Staudingee's type, which I had the opportunity 

 of seeing in the museum at Berlin a year ago. — Two further adjacent geographical races may be separated: 

 namely ibykus Fruhst., which agrees with the Matto Grosso form in its relatively small size and the scarcely ibykus. 

 produced apex of the forewing. In ibykus, however, the anal and basal part of the hindwing beneath a duller, deader 

 shade of yellow. White band of the forewing resembling that of idomeneus from Surinam. Minas Geraes; 

 described from 2 rj^ and 1 $ in coll. Fruhstorfer. — ariphron Fruhst. The white band of the forewing ariphron. 

 much resembles that of ewphorbus, but stands out somewhat more distinctly in the ^ and is much reduced in 

 the 2 but still always somewhat less darkened than in the $ of euphorbus. Forewing of the ^(^ with the 

 apical part much produced, the longitudinal band, compared with ibykus, scarcely half as broad in spite of its 

 larger size. Under surface, in accordance with its more southerly habitat, with the yellow basal tinge on the 

 hindwing almost entirely suppressed and the forewing essentially darkened. Espiritu Santo, from 2 ,^(^ and 3 

 $$ in my collection. 



■^ C. menoetius Stgr. is a rare, very interesting species, nearly allied to idomeneus, which has led the mono- menoelius. 



grapher of the Brassolids to confuse it with the latter and erroneously to call it euphorbus Fldr. There is an 

 excellent figure by Stoll in the fourth part of Cramer's celebrated work as long ago as 1782, on pi. 390. Stoll, 

 however, originated the mistake, as he represents a (^, but calls it idomeneus $. Staudinger has quite cor- 

 rectly ob.served and pointed out that menoetius differs from other Caligo in the strikingly narrow hindwing. 

 Upper surface uniform dark ultramarine, in the (J without a trace of a band, only with broad, pale submargi- 

 nal area showing through faintly from the under surface. The still undescribed $, of which there are four 

 examples in my collection, is round-winged, larger than the cJ, lighter blue with brownish white submarginal 

 area on the forewing. Both sexes with the black distal margin of the hindwing scarcely half as broad as 

 in idomt.neu'i. Under surface recognizable by the more vividly contrasted colours : thus both wings are tra- 

 versed by a more compact dark brown median area, in which are placed the somewhat larger and more 



