16 PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 



? with grey-green area on the forewing before the hmdmargm, which occurs in no other ? of the Aristolochia- 

 Papilios. Colombia; Guiana; Lower Amazon; East Peru; perhaps more widety distributed. A rare insect; 

 phosphorus, probably a swamp species which escapes observation. Two subspecies: — phosphorus Bates (3c) occurs in 

 British Guiana and at the Lower Amazon. The green spot on the forewing of the cf is narrow and separated 

 from the cell. The forewing of the ? has a row of 4 white spots on the grey-green area (always?). — 

 gratianus. gratianus Hew. (3 c) inhabits Colombia and East Peru. The green spot on the forewing of the cf is much 

 broader than in the preceding form; hindwing with only 3, or rarelj^ 4, red spots, the series not curved. 

 Forewing of the ? with two white spots; the posterior spots of the hindwing large. 



P. vertumnus. Palpi red. Forewing in the c/ with a green spot; in the ? unicolorous or spotted 

 with white. Hindwing of the cf with triangular red area, which consists of 3 or 4 spots, of which the 

 posterior one is usuall}^ the longest; in the ? with a broad red band, consisting of 5 — 7 spots, of which 

 the four posterior ones are more or less completely connected. One of the commonest species, which is 

 often met with in the woods, settling in damp places at the edge of the brooks. Distributed from Colombia 



yuracares. to Bolivia, Guiana and Para, but not yet found in Venezuela and Brazil proper.*) — yuracares B. & J. 

 is the Bolivian subspecies. Only the & is known. The green spot touches the cell, and encloses at least 

 one white spot. Hindwing with at least 4 red spots, of which the anterior two are separated; 5 small spots 



autumnus. on the under surface. Found by J. Steinbach from January to April. — autumnus Stgr. (3d)., cf : the 

 green spot larger than in the preceding; hindwing with 3 red spots; 4 small red spots on the under sur- 

 face. ? : forewing with very large yellowish area ; cell-spot especially large. East Peru : Chanchamayo ; 



bogotanus. undoubtedly extending further south. — bogOtanus Fldr. Only the cf known to us. Forewing without 

 white spot; hindwing with rather large red area, the spots on the under surface small. Rio Palcazu north- 

 diceros. wards to "Bogota". — diceros Gray {^= cixius Graii] cf = cutora Gray), cf: forewing usually without 

 white spots in the green area; when present they are transverse, and somewhat obhquely placed; red area 

 of the hindwing smaller than in the preceding forms, the spots on the under surface on the contrary 

 generallj' larger. ?: forewing Avith chalky-white area, consisting of 2 — 4 spots, occasionally only one double 

 vertumnus. spot present. Para to Iquitos. — vertumnus Cr (3 c) is distinguished in the cf from all the other forms 

 of the species by the short-haired middle and hind tibiae. The ? as in the Amazon form, or the forewing 

 with only one white spot, of which there is sometimes merelj' an indication. Guiana. 



P. lycimenes. cf : somewhat smaller than P. vertumnus, the red area of the hindwing less triangular 

 and its last spot smaller. ?: forewing slightly transparent at the apex; the spots somewhat yellowish, not 

 pure white, the cell-spot usually large and extended across the cell; band of the hindwing less bright red 

 than in P. vertumnus. Tibiae of the cf not thickened. Guatemala to Ecuador, in several subspecies. — 

 lycimenes. lycimcnes Boisd. is the Central American form. Forewing with a large green spot, which almost always 

 encloses at least one white spot; often a spot in the cell; hindwing with 4 — 6 red spots. In the ? the 

 yellowish white spot before the 1. median mucli larger than the preceding one; band of the hindwing 

 broad, almost always a uniform bright red. Guatemala to Panama; also on the small islands on the west 



erythrus. coast of the Republic of Panama. — erythrus //. d- J. (3d), cf : the green spot broader than in the 

 preceding form, reaching to the hindmargin of the wing. ?: the spot before the 1. median of the forewing 

 larger than in the preceding form; the band of the hindwing paler. Central and East Colombia and North 



para//us. Venezuela. — paralius B. & .J. (4 a). Small, cf : forewing with round yellow- white spot before the 

 2. median; band of the hindwing short and narrow. ?: spot on the forewing purer white than in the 

 previous subspecies, the cell-spot reduced; the spot before the 2. median the largest; band of the hindwing 

 almost straight. West Ecuador. 



P. erithalion. cT: tibiae not thickened. Hindwing without distinct red spot behind the 2. median 



on the upper surface. ?: the spot before the 1. median of the forewing smaller than the preceding spot; 



zeuxis. band on the hindwing broad, pale on the innerside. Costa Rica to North Venezuela. — zeuxis Luc. 



{= rhameses DoubL, rhesus Koll, rhamases Fldr., abilius Fldr., rhamses Boisd.) (4a). cf : the green area 



much narrowed anteriorly, enclosing a large white spot before the 2. median; hindwing with 2 or 3 small 



red spots. ?: the posterior spot of the forewing larger than the preceding one. North Venezuela and 



erithalion. eastern side of the Cordillera of Bogota. — erithalion Boisd. (4a) from Central Colombia (Rio Magdalena) 



has in the cT rarely a white spot on the forewing, which is placed before the 1. median or between the 



radials. ?: the spot before the 1. median smaller than the preceding one; generally a few small spots 



cauca. outside the cell. — cauca Ohcrth. cf: the green area of the forewing wanting or merely indicated. ?: band 



sadyattes. on the hindwing narrow, curved, separated from the cell. Cauca valle}-. — sadyattes Bruce (4 a). cf : the 



green area ver}- variable, generally reduced, often wanting; aU specimens with at least one white spot, 



which is placed before or behind the 3. radial, often a gi-een spot in the cell. ?: band of the hindwing 



almost unicolorous bright red. Costa Rica to Panama. 



*) Faunistically we understand by Brazil the eastern part of the continent from the province of Goyaz and Pernambuco 

 to Rio Grande do Sul. In this district we find a fauna which is quite different in many respects fiom that of the rest of South America. 



