24 PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 



nitra. P. nitra Edw. (8 b). Wings shorter than in P. hairdi; very similar to f. bairdi; perhaps only a 



northern subspecies. — Known from Montana and West Canada; in the mountains in June and July. 



zelicaon. P. zelicaon Luc. (= zolicaon Boisd.) (8b). The yellow discal area behind the 2. median of the 



forewing extending close to the cell; underside of the abdomen black, with or without an indication of 

 A-ellow lines. — On the west coast a common insect, descending into the lowlands. From Arizona north- 

 wards to Alaska and eastwards to Colorado. Found up to a height of 3000 m. The larvae on Umbelliferae. 

 coloro The ab. coloro Wright is founded on an old, dark j^ellow coloured specimen. 



P. indra. Thorax above anteriorly with yellowish lateral stripes. Spots on the wings whitish 

 yellow, much paler than in the allied species; the size of the spots rather variable. — A western mountain 

 species, which is difficult to catch; it occurs up to a height of 3500 m, and by preference inhabits rocky 

 land, where the butterfly suns itself on the rocks. It does not frequent flowers and is a shj, swift flier. 

 No satisfactory observations of the earlier stages have been made. The larva according to Edwards lives 

 indra. on Artemisia. There are two subspecies. — The northern form with short tail is the true indra Reak. (8 b); 

 it occurs in Colorado, Nevada, Utah and northern California. — The form which flies in the mountains near 

 pergamus. i\\e coast of South California at 600 — 1000 m height is pergamus Edw.; it is distinguished by its 

 long tail. 



aliaska. P. machaOH. This Palaearctic species is represented in America by the subspecies aliaska Scudd. 



(= joannisi Verity) (8 b). The black band on the hindwing is broader than in the geographically nearest 

 subspecies kamtschadalus. Aliaska is rather common in July and August in Alaska , at the mouth of the 

 River Yukon and on other rivers , as well as in the neighbourhood of lakes , probabh' everj^where in the 

 lowlands where UmbeUiferae grow. The insect is however still rare in European collections. Eastward 

 aliaska occurs as far as Hudson's Bay. 



Thoas-Group. 



The following- species of the ;!/;.o«s - group have all a spatulate tail. The larvae bear a saddle-spot before 

 the middle and a large diffuse sidepatch on the last segments. 



P. thoas. The spatulate tail has a }'ellow spot in the middle. The species occurs from Texas and 

 the West Indian Islands southwards to Buenos Aires, but is wanting on the Lesser Antilles. It, is every- 

 where common and flies in the open country, in gardens and plantations. Thoas is a very bold flier, which 

 melonius. often mounts high in the air. The larva lives on Piperaceae and Citrus. — melonius li. & J. is the sub- 

 species from Jamaica; it has no cell-spot on the upper surface of the forewing. The reddish yellow spots 

 oviedo. on the under surface of the hindwing are very large. — oviedo Gimdl. {= epithoas Oberth.) occurs on 

 Cuba. The upper surface of the forewing, and especially the under surface, are more extended yellow and 

 autodes. have also a deeper tint than in the other subspecies. — autocles R. & J., occurring from Texas to 

 nealces. Nicaragua, has no cell-spot; the yellow areas are pale. — nealces R. & J. is distributed from Nicaragua 

 to North-W^est Ecuador and eastwards to Trinidad and the Lower Orinoco. The forewing has always a 

 cell-spot; the yellow tint is somewhat deeper than in autocles, but less deep than in the next subspecies; 

 very common in Bogota-collections. — thoas L. comes from the Guianas and the Lower Amazon. Deep 

 cinyras. yellow; forewing with cell-spot, the first spot near the apex of the wing nsualh' small. — cinyras Men. is 

 a large form, which inhabits the Middle and Lower Amazon and the eastern slopes of Ecuador, Peru and 

 brasiiiensis. Bolivia; the submarginal spots of the forewing are almost always absent. — brasiliensis R. d' ■/. (7a), 

 from Brazil, Paraguay and North Argentina, is often still larger than cini/ras; the cell-spot of the forewing 

 is absent or small, the first spot near the apex of the wing is mostly large and produced into a point. — 

 ttioantiades. thoatitiades Burni. occurs in Argentina, especially in the province of Buenos Aires. It is a small form, 

 usually with narrow, pale j'ellow band. 



homothoas. P. honiothoas R. & J. (7 c). Tail shorter and more rounded at the tip than in the f/»oas- forms 



from South America; no cell-spot on the forewing. Genitaba quite diff'erent from the organs of P. thoas; 

 instead of the long anal clasper of thoas there is a short fork, the teeth of which are curved right and 

 left ; harpe broad, rounded. Orinoco, Colombia, Marguerita Island off the coast of Venezuela. 



cresphontes. P. cresphontes CV. (7 a). Usually considered a slightly different variety of P. thoas. No cell-spot 



on the forewing; the fifth discal spot projecting further than the sixth. Claspers of the cf separate above, 

 the anal hook quite short, the lower part of the anal segment likewise quite diiferent from that of P. thoas ; 

 harpe broad, rounded. A common species in eastern North America, occurring as far as Costa Rica in 

 the south and southern Canada in the north; but the insect is a wanderer, which is found onh' now and 

 then in the northern districts. In the United States it does not extend westward beyond the Mississippi 

 plain, except in the Southern States. Its true home is the region adjoining the Gulf of Mexico. It occurs 

 also on Cuba. 



