PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 27 



either above or beneath. Dorsal hook of the harpe of the d" shorter than in the alHed species. Specimens 

 occur sometimes in high mountains in which the marginal band of the forewing in the middle is about as 

 broad as the yellowish white discal area, they are f. mont. albanus F/dr. — Larva on Rhamnus californica: albanus. 

 the 3. and 4. segment above with small ring-spot, the black and yellow transverse dorsal line posteriorly 

 on the 4. segment rather broad. A common mountain species, distributed from British Columbia to 

 Colorado. The butterfly visits flowers, especially thistles and mint, and frequently drinks at puddles in 

 large numbers. Its flight is swift and agile. 



P. alexiares. A broad-banded Mexican butterfly. The distal margin of the forewing is straight or 

 very feebly concave; the hook-mark on the underside centred with yellow and this yellowish scaling 

 continuous with the grej' or yellowish line situated on the black postdiscal band. On the disc of the 

 hindwing beneath, more or less large orange - coloured patches. Early stages not known. Eastern Mexico; 

 two subspecies. — garcia B. & J. (9 b). Yellowish apical cell-area about as broad as the black band placed garcia. 

 at its distal side. The black marginal band not broader in the middle than the yellow discal band; the 

 yellow submarginal spots on the under surface of the hindwing narrow, more or less distinctly separated 

 from one another. Monterey, province of Nuevo Leon. — alexiares Hopff. The yellow parts more or less alexiares. 

 dusted over with black, the black bands broader than in garcia, the posterior yellow submarginal spots are 

 wanting on the upper surface of the fore^\ang, whilst the submarginal spots on the under surface form a 

 rather broad continuous band. Cuesta de Misantla, in Vera Cruz. 



P. pilumnus BoiscL (9 c). A less specialised form than the preceding ones. Cell of the hindwing pilumnus. 

 almost symmetrical, tibiae and tarsi pale greenish. Hindwing above with 2 sharply defined orange spots; 

 the proximal arm of the large V of the hindwing on the under surface divided longitudinally by a grey 

 line. — The larva recalls that of troilus. The insect occurs in the open, high-tying Savannas of Arizona 

 and Mexico southwards to Guatemala. 



The two follo'nang species, troilus and palamedes, like the preceding forms, are Nearctic and form 

 the transition to the mimetic anchisiades-gro\i]), which they apisroach rather closely in the early stages 

 and in structure. 



P. troilus. Black; thorax and abdomen with small yellowish spots; both wings with a row of sub- 

 marginal spots, those on the forewing smaller in the ? than in the cf; hindwing with bluish grej'-gi'een 

 discal area. On the under surface the hindwing has a discal and a submarginal row of orange-coloured 

 spots and distally to the discal row large metallic blue spots. The larva has a large eye-spot on each side 

 of the 3. thoracic segment and large bhnd spots on the 4. It lives on the upper side of a leaf in a tube 

 which is formed by the edge of the leaf being so strongly bent over to the middle rib that it comes to lie 

 close against the upper surface. It is mostly found on sassafras and benzoin, Lauraceae, but also lives on 

 other plants, as Magnolia, Prunus, Pirus, etc. Hibernates as pupa. Two broods. The butterfly usually 

 hovers only a few feet above the ground, flying nimbly in quest of the flowers on which it feeds. Canada 

 to Florida and Texas. — Li troilus L. (— ilioneus Abb. <& Smith) (8 c) the submarginal spots on the under- troilus. <- 

 side of the hindwing are bluish grej- green. Canada to Georgia and Texas, westward as far as the foot of 

 the Rocky Mountains. In ab. radiatus Slreck. the submarginal spots of the hindwing on the upperside are radiatus. 

 enlarged to longitudinal stripes. Specimens also occur in which the submarginal spots of both Avings extend 

 to the outer margin. — texanus Ehrnt. has on both wings larger submarginal spots than the preceding sub- texatms. 

 species; many specimens have a pale subbasal band on the under surface. Florida; Texas (?). 



P. palamedes. Antenna brown; tibial and tarsi green; abdomen striped with yellow. Markings 

 on the underside of the wings pale yellow; 2 rows of spots on the forewing besides the marginal spots, the 

 discal row doubled towards the costa; on the hindwing a discal band and a row of submarginal spots, and 

 in addition, especially in the ?, blue spots are present outside the discal band. On the under surface the 

 lundwing has a narrow subbasal band and the discal band is dentate and more or less orange hke the sub- 

 marginal spots. The larva is very similar to that of troilus and has the same habits. On MagnoHa. The 

 butterfly is common in Florida in the spring. Distributed from Virginia southwards as far as North-East 

 Mexico. The ? is more brownish black than the cf. — palamedes Drury (= chalcas R, chalcus F., flavo- palamedes. (_ 

 maculatus Goeze). The discal spots of the forewing are large, the cell has nearly always a spot. Virginia 

 to South Florida and Texas, yet also found even in Nebraska. — leontis B. & J. (8 c). A small form with leontis. 

 reduced discal spots; forewing without cell-spot on the upperside or with only a very narrow streak. 

 Monterej-, province of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. (On pi. 8 the name is erroneously printed leontia.) 



Anchisiades-Group. 



In the .sjjecies of the (inr/iiniaclfs-gvou]-) the proiiotum and thorax are at least partly spotted with red or 

 yellow-red. The abdomen is black and has no light markings except a basal lateral spot and streak. The cell of 

 the forewing beneath is not streaked with yellow and the hindwing has no blue spots. The larvae, so far as is 



